The parents of a child with hemophilia A ask the nurse about their probability of having
another child with hemophilia A. Which information is the basis for the nurse's response?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Autosomal dominance occurs with this disorder.
B. Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia.
C. Men with hemophilia have sons who also manifest the disease.
D. The disease occurs in daughters of men with hemophilia.
E. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.
B. Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia.
E. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.
Correct choices are (B and E). Hemophilia is an inherited disease that
manifests in male children whose mother is a carrier. With each pregnancy
there is a 50% chance that a male child will inherit the defective gene and
manifest hemophilia A (B), which is an X-linked recessive disorder (E). (A) is
, descriptive of a rare type of hemophilia, known as von Willebrand's disease.
Hemophilia is inherited by male offspring of female carriers (C). Daughters (D)
do not manifest the disease, but have a 50% chance of being a carrier.
Which rationale best supports an older client's risk of complications related to a
dysrhythmia?
A. An older client usually lives alone and cannot summon help when symptoms appear.
B. An older clients is more likely to eat high-fat diets which predisposes to heart disease.
C. Cardiac symptoms, such as confusion, are more difficult to recognize in an older
client.
D. An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause dizziness
and falls.
D. An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause
dizziness and falls.
In an older client, cardiac output is decreased and a loss of contractility and
elasticity reduces systemic and cerebral blood flow, so dysrhythmias, such as
bradycardia or tachycardia is poorly tolerated, and increases the client's risk
for syncope, falls, transient ischemic attacks, and possibly dementia. (B and C)
are generalized statements that are not applicable to most individuals in the
older population. Although many older persons do live alone, inability to
summon help (A) cannot be assumed.
The nurse is analyzing the waveforms of a client's electrocardiogram. What finding
indicates a
disturbance in electrical conduction in the ventricles?
,A. T wave of 0.16 second.
B. PR interval of 0.18 second.
C. QT interval of 0.34 second.
D. QRS interval of 0.14 second.
D. QRS interval of 0.14 second.
The normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 to 0.12 second, so a prolonged QRS (D)
indicates an electrical anomaly in the ventricles. The I wave is normally 0.16
seconds (A). The PR interval range is 0.12 to 0.20 second (B). The QT interval
should be 0.31 to 0.38 second (C).
The nurse is measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation
of the aorta.
Which blood pressure finding should the nurse expect to obtain?
A. Hgher on the left side.
B. Higher on the right side.
C. Lower in the arms than in the legs.
D. Lower in the legs than in the arms.
D. Lower in the legs than in the arms.
In coarctation of the aorta, a congenital constriction is found at the aorta near
the ductus arteriosus region that lies past the left subclavian arteries, which
perfuses the upper extremities. The child should have higher blood pressures
in the upper extremities than in the legs (D). (A, B, and C) are not expected in
coarctation.
, A client with aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure (HF). Which pathophysiological
finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a result of the increased cardiac workload?
A. Increase in size.
B. Decrease in length.
C. Increase in number.
D. Decrease in excitability.
Give this one a try later!
A. Increase in size.
Hypertension and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an increase in
the workload of the heart by increasing afterload which requires an increase
in the force of contraction to pump blood out of the heart. Myocardial
hypertrophy results because the cells increase in surface area or size (A) by
increasing the amount of contractile proteins, but the quantity (C) of fibers
remain constant. As myocardial hypertrophy progresses, the heart becomes
ineffective as a pump because the ventricular wall cannot develop enough
tension to cause effective contraction (B), which causes myocardial irritability
(D) due to hypoxia.
A client is admitted to the Emergency Department with a tension pneumothorax. Which
assessment
should the nurse expect to identify?
A. An absence of lung sounds on the affected side.
B. An inability to auscultate tracheal breath sounds.
C. A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite the pneumothorax.
D. A shift of the point of maximal impulse to the left, with bounding pulses.
Give this one a try later!
another child with hemophilia A. Which information is the basis for the nurse's response?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Autosomal dominance occurs with this disorder.
B. Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia.
C. Men with hemophilia have sons who also manifest the disease.
D. The disease occurs in daughters of men with hemophilia.
E. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.
B. Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia.
E. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.
Correct choices are (B and E). Hemophilia is an inherited disease that
manifests in male children whose mother is a carrier. With each pregnancy
there is a 50% chance that a male child will inherit the defective gene and
manifest hemophilia A (B), which is an X-linked recessive disorder (E). (A) is
, descriptive of a rare type of hemophilia, known as von Willebrand's disease.
Hemophilia is inherited by male offspring of female carriers (C). Daughters (D)
do not manifest the disease, but have a 50% chance of being a carrier.
Which rationale best supports an older client's risk of complications related to a
dysrhythmia?
A. An older client usually lives alone and cannot summon help when symptoms appear.
B. An older clients is more likely to eat high-fat diets which predisposes to heart disease.
C. Cardiac symptoms, such as confusion, are more difficult to recognize in an older
client.
D. An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause dizziness
and falls.
D. An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause
dizziness and falls.
In an older client, cardiac output is decreased and a loss of contractility and
elasticity reduces systemic and cerebral blood flow, so dysrhythmias, such as
bradycardia or tachycardia is poorly tolerated, and increases the client's risk
for syncope, falls, transient ischemic attacks, and possibly dementia. (B and C)
are generalized statements that are not applicable to most individuals in the
older population. Although many older persons do live alone, inability to
summon help (A) cannot be assumed.
The nurse is analyzing the waveforms of a client's electrocardiogram. What finding
indicates a
disturbance in electrical conduction in the ventricles?
,A. T wave of 0.16 second.
B. PR interval of 0.18 second.
C. QT interval of 0.34 second.
D. QRS interval of 0.14 second.
D. QRS interval of 0.14 second.
The normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 to 0.12 second, so a prolonged QRS (D)
indicates an electrical anomaly in the ventricles. The I wave is normally 0.16
seconds (A). The PR interval range is 0.12 to 0.20 second (B). The QT interval
should be 0.31 to 0.38 second (C).
The nurse is measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation
of the aorta.
Which blood pressure finding should the nurse expect to obtain?
A. Hgher on the left side.
B. Higher on the right side.
C. Lower in the arms than in the legs.
D. Lower in the legs than in the arms.
D. Lower in the legs than in the arms.
In coarctation of the aorta, a congenital constriction is found at the aorta near
the ductus arteriosus region that lies past the left subclavian arteries, which
perfuses the upper extremities. The child should have higher blood pressures
in the upper extremities than in the legs (D). (A, B, and C) are not expected in
coarctation.
, A client with aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure (HF). Which pathophysiological
finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a result of the increased cardiac workload?
A. Increase in size.
B. Decrease in length.
C. Increase in number.
D. Decrease in excitability.
Give this one a try later!
A. Increase in size.
Hypertension and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an increase in
the workload of the heart by increasing afterload which requires an increase
in the force of contraction to pump blood out of the heart. Myocardial
hypertrophy results because the cells increase in surface area or size (A) by
increasing the amount of contractile proteins, but the quantity (C) of fibers
remain constant. As myocardial hypertrophy progresses, the heart becomes
ineffective as a pump because the ventricular wall cannot develop enough
tension to cause effective contraction (B), which causes myocardial irritability
(D) due to hypoxia.
A client is admitted to the Emergency Department with a tension pneumothorax. Which
assessment
should the nurse expect to identify?
A. An absence of lung sounds on the affected side.
B. An inability to auscultate tracheal breath sounds.
C. A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite the pneumothorax.
D. A shift of the point of maximal impulse to the left, with bounding pulses.
Give this one a try later!
