GALEN 265 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED
A+|| LATEST UPDATED 2026
Question: Which clinical manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism (PE) represent
an acute medical emergency that requires an immediate call to the Rapid Response
Team (RRT)?
✔✔ Answer:
Fainting or temporary loss of consciousness (syncope)
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes (cyanosis)
Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)
Systemic hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure)
w Pulmonary Embolism Mechanism. Source:
Question: What are theriority medical and pharmacological interventions for a
patient diagnosed with a stabilizing or acute Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Immediate anticoagulation therapy using intravenous Heparin, along
with aggressive intravenous fluid (IVF) administration to counteract hypotension
and maintain cardiac output.
Question: What are the essential nursing interventions and monitoring parameters
when managing a patient with a suspected or confirmed Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer:
Administer supplemental oxygen therapy.
Perform frequent, comprehensive lung sound and respiratory assessments.
Implement strict bleeding precautions and fall prevention strategies.
Continuously monitor urine output, vital signs, and neurological status.
Question: What are the standard laboratory targets used to manage and titrate an
unfractionated Heparin infusion?
,✔✔ Answer:
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time): Typically evaluated against a normal
reference range of 20 to 30 seconds.
aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time): Typically evaluated
against a normal reference range of 30 to 40 seconds.
Therapeutic Range: For active treatment, the target value for both tests
should be maintained at 1.5 to 2.5 times the patient's baseline/normal control
value.
Question: What clinical factors and patient histories present the highest statistical
risk for developing a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Prolonged physical immobility, recent orthopedic trauma (such as a
long bone fracture), major surgical procedures, and a history of tobacco smoking.
Question: What classic Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) imbalance typically occurs
during the early stages of a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Respiratory alkalosis (driven by hyperventilation and tachypnea as
the body tries to compensate for hypoxia).
Question: What is the primary clinical strategy used to mitigate and prevent the
onset of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
✔✔ Answer: Formally assessing and identifying high-risk patient populations
before initiating any form of Heparin therapy.
Question: What immediate nursing actions and medical interventions must be
executed if a patient develops Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
✔✔ Answer: You must immediately discontinue all forms of Heparin. Closely
evaluate the patient for new thrombus formations (such as DVT, PE, or general
venous thromboembolism). Because the patient remains in a highly prothrombotic
state, alternative non-heparin anticoagulation therapy must be initiated.
Question: How is a pleural effusion anatomically defined?
✔✔ Answer: An abnormal, excessive accumulation of fluid within the pleural
cavity (the space surrounding the lungs).
, What are common s/s of Pleural Effusion? -ANSWER ✔✔Dyspnea
Decreased/absent breath sounds
Decreased tactile fremitus
Treatment for pleural effusion? NSG for treatment? Complication? -ANSWER
✔✔Thoracentesis
NSG: VS after, want clear lung sounds
Complication: pneumothorax from lung puncture
What is Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Inadequate oxygenation of
blood or inadequate ventilation (VQ Mismatch)
What ABG results are found in ARF? -ANSWER ✔✔Respiratory Acidosis
- PaO2 < 60
- pH < 7.35
- SaO2 < 90%
- CO2 > 45
What are common s/s of Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Cyanosis
Rate changes
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Restlessness
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT RATED
A+|| LATEST UPDATED 2026
Question: Which clinical manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism (PE) represent
an acute medical emergency that requires an immediate call to the Rapid Response
Team (RRT)?
✔✔ Answer:
Fainting or temporary loss of consciousness (syncope)
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes (cyanosis)
Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)
Systemic hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure)
w Pulmonary Embolism Mechanism. Source:
Question: What are theriority medical and pharmacological interventions for a
patient diagnosed with a stabilizing or acute Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Immediate anticoagulation therapy using intravenous Heparin, along
with aggressive intravenous fluid (IVF) administration to counteract hypotension
and maintain cardiac output.
Question: What are the essential nursing interventions and monitoring parameters
when managing a patient with a suspected or confirmed Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer:
Administer supplemental oxygen therapy.
Perform frequent, comprehensive lung sound and respiratory assessments.
Implement strict bleeding precautions and fall prevention strategies.
Continuously monitor urine output, vital signs, and neurological status.
Question: What are the standard laboratory targets used to manage and titrate an
unfractionated Heparin infusion?
,✔✔ Answer:
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time): Typically evaluated against a normal
reference range of 20 to 30 seconds.
aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time): Typically evaluated
against a normal reference range of 30 to 40 seconds.
Therapeutic Range: For active treatment, the target value for both tests
should be maintained at 1.5 to 2.5 times the patient's baseline/normal control
value.
Question: What clinical factors and patient histories present the highest statistical
risk for developing a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Prolonged physical immobility, recent orthopedic trauma (such as a
long bone fracture), major surgical procedures, and a history of tobacco smoking.
Question: What classic Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) imbalance typically occurs
during the early stages of a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Respiratory alkalosis (driven by hyperventilation and tachypnea as
the body tries to compensate for hypoxia).
Question: What is the primary clinical strategy used to mitigate and prevent the
onset of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
✔✔ Answer: Formally assessing and identifying high-risk patient populations
before initiating any form of Heparin therapy.
Question: What immediate nursing actions and medical interventions must be
executed if a patient develops Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
✔✔ Answer: You must immediately discontinue all forms of Heparin. Closely
evaluate the patient for new thrombus formations (such as DVT, PE, or general
venous thromboembolism). Because the patient remains in a highly prothrombotic
state, alternative non-heparin anticoagulation therapy must be initiated.
Question: How is a pleural effusion anatomically defined?
✔✔ Answer: An abnormal, excessive accumulation of fluid within the pleural
cavity (the space surrounding the lungs).
, What are common s/s of Pleural Effusion? -ANSWER ✔✔Dyspnea
Decreased/absent breath sounds
Decreased tactile fremitus
Treatment for pleural effusion? NSG for treatment? Complication? -ANSWER
✔✔Thoracentesis
NSG: VS after, want clear lung sounds
Complication: pneumothorax from lung puncture
What is Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Inadequate oxygenation of
blood or inadequate ventilation (VQ Mismatch)
What ABG results are found in ARF? -ANSWER ✔✔Respiratory Acidosis
- PaO2 < 60
- pH < 7.35
- SaO2 < 90%
- CO2 > 45
What are common s/s of Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Cyanosis
Rate changes
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Restlessness
