GALEN 265 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPETE SOLUTIONS
100% CORRECT RATED A+
Question: What are the critical clinical manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism
(PE) that require an immediate call to the Rapid Response Team (RRT)?
✔✔ Answer:
Loss of consciousness or fainting (syncope)
Bluish or dusky skin color changes (cyanosis)
Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)
Systemic hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure)
Question: What are the immediate, first-line medical interventions used to
stabilize a patient experiencing an acute Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Rapid administration of intravenous Heparin for anticoagulation,
paired with targeted intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy to support hemodynamics and
combat hypotension.
Question: What primary nursing interventions are essential when managing a
patient being treated for a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer:
Administer supplemental oxygen therapy.
Perform frequent, rigorous auscultation and lung assessments.
Establish safety measures, including strict bleeding precautions and fall
prevention.
Routinely monitor hemodynamic vital signs, neurological status, and urine
output (u/o).
Question: What are the standard baseline laboratory targets for PTT and aPTT,
and how do they change during active Heparin therapy?
✔✔ Answer:
, PTT: Normal range is 20 to 30 seconds.
aPTT: Normal range is 30 to 40 seconds.
Therapeutic Infusion Target: To effectively treat a clot, values are
maintained at an elevated target of 1.5 to 2.5 times the patient's normal
baseline level.
Question: What clinical circumstances and lifestyle factors pose the absolute
highest risk for developing a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Prolonged structural immobility, recent high-impact orthopedic
trauma (such as a long bone fracture), major surgical procedures, and tobacco
smoking.
Question: What type of gas exchange imbalance is typically observed on an
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) panel in the presence of a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Respiratory alkalosis (triggered as the patient rapidly hyperventilates
to compensate for impaired lung perfusion)
How do we prevent Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia? -ANSWER
✔✔identifying patients at greatest risk BEFORE therapy begins
What is NSG intervention for HIT? -ANSWER ✔✔Stop Heparin
Monitor for DVT/PE/VTE formation
Still need an anticoagulant!
What is pleural effusion? -ANSWER ✔✔Fluid in the pleural space
What are common s/s of Pleural Effusion? -ANSWER ✔✔Dyspnea
Decreased/absent breath sounds
Decreased tactile fremitus
, Treatment for pleural effusion? NSG for treatment? Complication? -ANSWER
✔✔Thoracentesis
NSG: VS after, want clear lung sounds
Complication: pneumothorax from lung puncture
What is Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Inadequate oxygenation of
blood or inadequate ventilation (VQ Mismatch)
What ABG results are found in ARF? -ANSWER ✔✔Respiratory Acidosis
- PaO2 < 60
- pH < 7.35
- SaO2 < 90%
- CO2 > 45
What are common s/s of Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Cyanosis
Rate changes
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Restlessness
Hypoxia Confusion
NSG Interventions for ARF? -ANSWER ✔✔Orthopneic position
Monitor VS, u/o, neuro
HOB elevated if BP tolerates it
ANSWERS WITH COMPETE SOLUTIONS
100% CORRECT RATED A+
Question: What are the critical clinical manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism
(PE) that require an immediate call to the Rapid Response Team (RRT)?
✔✔ Answer:
Loss of consciousness or fainting (syncope)
Bluish or dusky skin color changes (cyanosis)
Jugular Venous Distension (JVD)
Systemic hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure)
Question: What are the immediate, first-line medical interventions used to
stabilize a patient experiencing an acute Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Rapid administration of intravenous Heparin for anticoagulation,
paired with targeted intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy to support hemodynamics and
combat hypotension.
Question: What primary nursing interventions are essential when managing a
patient being treated for a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer:
Administer supplemental oxygen therapy.
Perform frequent, rigorous auscultation and lung assessments.
Establish safety measures, including strict bleeding precautions and fall
prevention.
Routinely monitor hemodynamic vital signs, neurological status, and urine
output (u/o).
Question: What are the standard baseline laboratory targets for PTT and aPTT,
and how do they change during active Heparin therapy?
✔✔ Answer:
, PTT: Normal range is 20 to 30 seconds.
aPTT: Normal range is 30 to 40 seconds.
Therapeutic Infusion Target: To effectively treat a clot, values are
maintained at an elevated target of 1.5 to 2.5 times the patient's normal
baseline level.
Question: What clinical circumstances and lifestyle factors pose the absolute
highest risk for developing a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Prolonged structural immobility, recent high-impact orthopedic
trauma (such as a long bone fracture), major surgical procedures, and tobacco
smoking.
Question: What type of gas exchange imbalance is typically observed on an
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) panel in the presence of a Pulmonary Embolism?
✔✔ Answer: Respiratory alkalosis (triggered as the patient rapidly hyperventilates
to compensate for impaired lung perfusion)
How do we prevent Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia? -ANSWER
✔✔identifying patients at greatest risk BEFORE therapy begins
What is NSG intervention for HIT? -ANSWER ✔✔Stop Heparin
Monitor for DVT/PE/VTE formation
Still need an anticoagulant!
What is pleural effusion? -ANSWER ✔✔Fluid in the pleural space
What are common s/s of Pleural Effusion? -ANSWER ✔✔Dyspnea
Decreased/absent breath sounds
Decreased tactile fremitus
, Treatment for pleural effusion? NSG for treatment? Complication? -ANSWER
✔✔Thoracentesis
NSG: VS after, want clear lung sounds
Complication: pneumothorax from lung puncture
What is Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Inadequate oxygenation of
blood or inadequate ventilation (VQ Mismatch)
What ABG results are found in ARF? -ANSWER ✔✔Respiratory Acidosis
- PaO2 < 60
- pH < 7.35
- SaO2 < 90%
- CO2 > 45
What are common s/s of Acute Respiratory Failure? -ANSWER ✔✔Cyanosis
Rate changes
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Restlessness
Hypoxia Confusion
NSG Interventions for ARF? -ANSWER ✔✔Orthopneic position
Monitor VS, u/o, neuro
HOB elevated if BP tolerates it
