ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 5
2026 CLINICAL REASONING QUESTION
BANK AND STEP BY STEP EXPLANATIONS
◉ What is kyphosis?
Answer: Excessive thoracic curvature, also known as hunchback.
◉ What is lordosis?
Answer: Excessive lumbar inward curvature, also known as
swayback.
◉ What are the key features of scoliosis?
Answer: Lateral spinal curvature and rotation.
◉ What is the difference between a simple and comminuted
fracture?
Answer: A simple fracture is a clean break into 2 pieces, while a
comminuted fracture involves 3 or more fragments.
◉ What is a greenstick fracture?
Answer: An incomplete fracture where the bone bends and cracks,
commonly seen in children.
, ◉ What is a compression fracture?
Answer: A bone collapse, usually of the vertebrae, commonly seen in
osteoporosis.
◉ What is the difference between an open and closed fracture?
Answer: An open (compound) fracture involves the bone breaking
through the skin, while a closed fracture leaves the skin intact.
◉ What is an impacted fracture?
Answer: A fracture where bone fragments are driven into each other.
◉ What is a pathologic fracture?
Answer: A fracture occurring through weakened bone, often due to
cancer or osteoporosis.
◉ What is a depressed fracture?
Answer: A fracture where the bone is pushed inward, commonly
occurring in the skull.
◉ What is the pathophysiology and hallmark of compartment
syndrome?
2026 CLINICAL REASONING QUESTION
BANK AND STEP BY STEP EXPLANATIONS
◉ What is kyphosis?
Answer: Excessive thoracic curvature, also known as hunchback.
◉ What is lordosis?
Answer: Excessive lumbar inward curvature, also known as
swayback.
◉ What are the key features of scoliosis?
Answer: Lateral spinal curvature and rotation.
◉ What is the difference between a simple and comminuted
fracture?
Answer: A simple fracture is a clean break into 2 pieces, while a
comminuted fracture involves 3 or more fragments.
◉ What is a greenstick fracture?
Answer: An incomplete fracture where the bone bends and cracks,
commonly seen in children.
, ◉ What is a compression fracture?
Answer: A bone collapse, usually of the vertebrae, commonly seen in
osteoporosis.
◉ What is the difference between an open and closed fracture?
Answer: An open (compound) fracture involves the bone breaking
through the skin, while a closed fracture leaves the skin intact.
◉ What is an impacted fracture?
Answer: A fracture where bone fragments are driven into each other.
◉ What is a pathologic fracture?
Answer: A fracture occurring through weakened bone, often due to
cancer or osteoporosis.
◉ What is a depressed fracture?
Answer: A fracture where the bone is pushed inward, commonly
occurring in the skull.
◉ What is the pathophysiology and hallmark of compartment
syndrome?
