ATI PEDIATRICS PROCTORED FULL REVISION
NOTES WITH GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
AND PEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT CONCEPTS
◉ Dehydration.
Answer: - Assessment, response to parenteral fluids.
the nurse should weigh the patient daily because weight is the most
sensitive indicator of hydration status in clients of all ages.
- Weight is the only measurement the reflects both measurable fluid
balance changes (I/O) and insensible fluid loss (skin and
respiratory)
◉ Koplik spots.
Answer: - Maculopapular rash and fever; Rubeola
- Koplik spots: oral lesions that are characteristics of rubeola
(measles). The small, irregular spots with a blue/white center are
seen on the Buccal mucosa, which is opposite the molars, in the
prodromal stage of measles.
- Koplik spots appear about 2 days before maculopapular rash
appears and are accompanied manifestations of fever, malaise,
conjunctivitis, and other cold manifestations.
- They begin to fade the second day after the rash appears. Immunity
to measles is conferred by the MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella)
immunization that children receive @ 15 months.
,◉ Rubeola.
Answer: Measles; Maculopapular starts on the face and spreads
downward. It desquamates after about 3-4 days. The rash does not
progress to vesicles and crusts like the papules of chicken pox.
- cephalocaudal rash upper trunk and faceand more confluence as it
spreads to the lower areas of the body.
◉ Varicella.
Answer: Chicken Pox; Vesicles and crusts are present
- Commences with a maculopapular rash that progressess to vesicles
on erythematous bases which eventually rupture and crust over.
◉ Kawasaki Syndrome (Scarlet Fever).
Answer: - Strawberry tongue; sloughed off its normal coating,
exposing swollen prominent papillae.
◉ Pertussis (whooping Cough).
Answer: Paroxysmal Cough
◉ A1C.
Answer: AKA glycosylated hemoglobin assay; is the most sensitive
indication of client compliance with the treatment regimen. The life
span of RBC is about 120 days, and glucose molecules adhere to
,about 4-6% of hemoglobin. Because of the longevity of the RBC's
recent changes in diet, activity or medication will not affect the
results of this test.
◉ Skeletal Traction.
Answer: The most effective means of traction, applying to a bone
with wire pins or tongs
◉ Compartment Syndrome.
Answer: Involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due
to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that
separates groups of muscles
◉ Ventricular Septal Defect.
Answer: - Murmur best heard at the lower left sternal border;
Ventricular septal wall defect between ventricles is an Acyanotic
heart defect.
- Sound is transmitted in the direction of blood flow, so any back
flow of blood from the left to the right ventricle through the septal
defect would be best heard in this area.
◉ Acute Glomerulonephritis.
Answer: - ASO titer will indicate if the child has had a recent strep
infection. In determining a definitive diagnosis for acute
glomerulonephritis.
, - Elevated RBCs is expected and the presence of hematuria
- Monitor B.P. Q4hr due to ↑HTN
◉ HIV
Preschooler.
Answer: - Immunizations contraindicated for this patient is the oral
polio
- the child is susceptible to infection and must be immunized to the
common preventable childhood diseases.
- However, the oral polio vaccine contains a form of the virus that in
SOME clients can lead to an actual case of polio, this risk is increased
with HIV and must receive the injectable form of the polio
immunization.
◉ Myelomeningocele.
Answer: - Hydrocephalus; is a post-operative risk because the
pathway for the cerebral spinal fluid has been altered.
- Infants --> Measure the head circumference Qshift.
- children with NTDs usually produce too much cerebral spinal fluid
and once the sac is removed, there is nowhere for this additional CSF
to accumulate except in the ventricles of the brain.
◉ Epiglottitis.
NOTES WITH GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
AND PEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT CONCEPTS
◉ Dehydration.
Answer: - Assessment, response to parenteral fluids.
the nurse should weigh the patient daily because weight is the most
sensitive indicator of hydration status in clients of all ages.
- Weight is the only measurement the reflects both measurable fluid
balance changes (I/O) and insensible fluid loss (skin and
respiratory)
◉ Koplik spots.
Answer: - Maculopapular rash and fever; Rubeola
- Koplik spots: oral lesions that are characteristics of rubeola
(measles). The small, irregular spots with a blue/white center are
seen on the Buccal mucosa, which is opposite the molars, in the
prodromal stage of measles.
- Koplik spots appear about 2 days before maculopapular rash
appears and are accompanied manifestations of fever, malaise,
conjunctivitis, and other cold manifestations.
- They begin to fade the second day after the rash appears. Immunity
to measles is conferred by the MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella)
immunization that children receive @ 15 months.
,◉ Rubeola.
Answer: Measles; Maculopapular starts on the face and spreads
downward. It desquamates after about 3-4 days. The rash does not
progress to vesicles and crusts like the papules of chicken pox.
- cephalocaudal rash upper trunk and faceand more confluence as it
spreads to the lower areas of the body.
◉ Varicella.
Answer: Chicken Pox; Vesicles and crusts are present
- Commences with a maculopapular rash that progressess to vesicles
on erythematous bases which eventually rupture and crust over.
◉ Kawasaki Syndrome (Scarlet Fever).
Answer: - Strawberry tongue; sloughed off its normal coating,
exposing swollen prominent papillae.
◉ Pertussis (whooping Cough).
Answer: Paroxysmal Cough
◉ A1C.
Answer: AKA glycosylated hemoglobin assay; is the most sensitive
indication of client compliance with the treatment regimen. The life
span of RBC is about 120 days, and glucose molecules adhere to
,about 4-6% of hemoglobin. Because of the longevity of the RBC's
recent changes in diet, activity or medication will not affect the
results of this test.
◉ Skeletal Traction.
Answer: The most effective means of traction, applying to a bone
with wire pins or tongs
◉ Compartment Syndrome.
Answer: Involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due
to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that
separates groups of muscles
◉ Ventricular Septal Defect.
Answer: - Murmur best heard at the lower left sternal border;
Ventricular septal wall defect between ventricles is an Acyanotic
heart defect.
- Sound is transmitted in the direction of blood flow, so any back
flow of blood from the left to the right ventricle through the septal
defect would be best heard in this area.
◉ Acute Glomerulonephritis.
Answer: - ASO titer will indicate if the child has had a recent strep
infection. In determining a definitive diagnosis for acute
glomerulonephritis.
, - Elevated RBCs is expected and the presence of hematuria
- Monitor B.P. Q4hr due to ↑HTN
◉ HIV
Preschooler.
Answer: - Immunizations contraindicated for this patient is the oral
polio
- the child is susceptible to infection and must be immunized to the
common preventable childhood diseases.
- However, the oral polio vaccine contains a form of the virus that in
SOME clients can lead to an actual case of polio, this risk is increased
with HIV and must receive the injectable form of the polio
immunization.
◉ Myelomeningocele.
Answer: - Hydrocephalus; is a post-operative risk because the
pathway for the cerebral spinal fluid has been altered.
- Infants --> Measure the head circumference Qshift.
- children with NTDs usually produce too much cerebral spinal fluid
and once the sac is removed, there is nowhere for this additional CSF
to accumulate except in the ventricles of the brain.
◉ Epiglottitis.
