Basic Chemistry Notes
1. Matter
● Anything that has mass and takes up space.
● Exists as solids, liquids, and gases.
2. Atoms
● Smallest unit of an element.
● Made of:
○ Protons (+) – positive charge
○ Neutrons (0) – no charge
○ Electrons (-) – negative charge
3. Elements
● Pure substances made of one type of atom.
● Found on the Periodic Table.
● Examples: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C).
4. Compounds
● Formed when two or more different elements chemically combine.
● Example: Water (H₂O).
5. Mixtures
● Two or more substances physically mixed together.
● Example: Salt water.
6. Periodic Table
● Organized by atomic number (number of protons).
● Elements in the same group have similar properties.
7. Chemical Bonding
● Ionic Bond: Transfer of electrons.
● Covalent Bond: Sharing of electrons.
● Bonds hold atoms together in compounds.
8. Chemical Reactions
● Reactants change into products.
● Matter is not created or destroyed.
1. Matter
● Anything that has mass and takes up space.
● Exists as solids, liquids, and gases.
2. Atoms
● Smallest unit of an element.
● Made of:
○ Protons (+) – positive charge
○ Neutrons (0) – no charge
○ Electrons (-) – negative charge
3. Elements
● Pure substances made of one type of atom.
● Found on the Periodic Table.
● Examples: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C).
4. Compounds
● Formed when two or more different elements chemically combine.
● Example: Water (H₂O).
5. Mixtures
● Two or more substances physically mixed together.
● Example: Salt water.
6. Periodic Table
● Organized by atomic number (number of protons).
● Elements in the same group have similar properties.
7. Chemical Bonding
● Ionic Bond: Transfer of electrons.
● Covalent Bond: Sharing of electrons.
● Bonds hold atoms together in compounds.
8. Chemical Reactions
● Reactants change into products.
● Matter is not created or destroyed.
