COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK FINAL EXAM 2026-2027
WITH COMPLETE 800+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS\VERIFIED 100% ALREADY
GRADED A+
Free market view on FDI
A political view that suggests that FDI unrestricted by government
intervention is the best.
Horizontal FDI
A type of FDI in which a firm duplicates its home country-based
activities at the same value chain stage in a host country.
Intrafirm trade
International transactions between two subsidiaries in two
countries controlled by the same MNE.
Management control rights
The rights to appoint key managers and establish control
mechanisms.
,Obsolescing bargain
The deal struck by MNEs and host governments, which change
their requirements after the initial FDI entry.
Pragmatic nationalism on FDI
A political view that only approves FDI when its benefits
outweigh its costs.
Radical view on FDI
A political view that is hostile to FDI.
Sunk cost
Cost that a firm has to endure even when its investment turns out
to be unsatisfactory
Upstream vertical FDI
A type of vertical FDI in which a firm engages in an upstream
stage of the value chain in a host country.
,Vertical FDI
A type of FDI in which a firm moves upstream or downstream at
different value chain stages in a host country.
Antitrust law
Law that outlaws cartels (trusts).
Antitrust policy
Government policy designed to combat monopolies and cartels.
Attack
An initial set of actions to gain competitive advantage.
Blue ocean strategy
Strategy that focuses on developing new markets ("blue ocean")
and avoids attacking core markets defended by rivals, which is
likely to result in a bloody price war or a "red ocean."
, Competition policy
Government policy governing the rules of the game in competition.
Competitive dynamics
Actions and responses undertaken by competing firms.
Competitor analysis
The process of anticipating rivals' actions in order to both revise a
firm's plan and prepare to deal with rivals' response.
Concentration ratio
The percentage of total industry sales accounted for by the top
four, eight, or twenty firms.
Counterattack
A set of actions in response to attack.