BIOD 121 FINAL EXAM MOCK TEST AND STUDY
MATERIAL WITH NUTRITION CASE SCENARIOS
AND APPLICATION QUESTIONS
◉ Iron in Vegetarians.
Answer: RDA for iron is higher in vegetarians; iron absorption
enhanced by Vitamin C; vegetarians are no more iron deificient than
other people
◉ Non-heme iron.
Answer: Iron found in non-meat based foods; can be found in
vegetables, grains, iron-fortified cereals and legumes; not absorbed
by the body as well as heme iron
◉ Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract.
Answer: a flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth,
through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and
rectum to anus
◉ Small Intestine.
Answer: 10-foot length of intestine that is the major site of digestion
of food and absorption of nutrients; the segments are called the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
,◉ Pyloric Sphincter.
Answer: allows passage from stomach to small intestine; prevents
backflow from small intestine
◉ Villi.
Answer: Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small
intestines that increase surface area
◉ Carbohydrate Digestion.
Answer: begins in the mouth, continues until it's mixed with gastric
juices; the stomach acid of gastric juices deactivates salivary enzyme
and carb digestion ceases; picks up when pancreas sends enzymes
to small intestine to break down starch into small segments that can
be absorbed through the intestinal walls into the hepatic portal vein;
digested fast
◉ Fiber.
Answer: structural parts of plants found in vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, and legumes; promote healthful GI tract
◉ Protein Digestion.
Answer: begin to uncoil when mixed with gasric acid, making them
available to gastric enzymes that begin to digest proteins; small
, fragments are absorbed through the small intestinal wall into the
hepatic portal vein; makes us feel most full
◉ Fat Digestion.
Answer: form a layer on top of watery mixture in stomach;
emulsified by bile, lipases begin to break them down into small
fragments that can be absorbed through small intestine into lymph;
digested slowest
◉ Yogurt.
Answer: milk product that promotes a healthful GI tract with use of
probiotics
◉ Glycogen.
Answer: storage form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
◉ Soluble Fibers.
Answer: dissolve in water commonly found in oats, barley, legumes
and citrus fruits; protect against heart disease and diabetes by
lowering blood cholesterol and glucose levels
◉ Insoluble Fibers.
MATERIAL WITH NUTRITION CASE SCENARIOS
AND APPLICATION QUESTIONS
◉ Iron in Vegetarians.
Answer: RDA for iron is higher in vegetarians; iron absorption
enhanced by Vitamin C; vegetarians are no more iron deificient than
other people
◉ Non-heme iron.
Answer: Iron found in non-meat based foods; can be found in
vegetables, grains, iron-fortified cereals and legumes; not absorbed
by the body as well as heme iron
◉ Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract.
Answer: a flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth,
through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and
rectum to anus
◉ Small Intestine.
Answer: 10-foot length of intestine that is the major site of digestion
of food and absorption of nutrients; the segments are called the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
,◉ Pyloric Sphincter.
Answer: allows passage from stomach to small intestine; prevents
backflow from small intestine
◉ Villi.
Answer: Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small
intestines that increase surface area
◉ Carbohydrate Digestion.
Answer: begins in the mouth, continues until it's mixed with gastric
juices; the stomach acid of gastric juices deactivates salivary enzyme
and carb digestion ceases; picks up when pancreas sends enzymes
to small intestine to break down starch into small segments that can
be absorbed through the intestinal walls into the hepatic portal vein;
digested fast
◉ Fiber.
Answer: structural parts of plants found in vegetables, fruits, whole
grains, and legumes; promote healthful GI tract
◉ Protein Digestion.
Answer: begin to uncoil when mixed with gasric acid, making them
available to gastric enzymes that begin to digest proteins; small
, fragments are absorbed through the small intestinal wall into the
hepatic portal vein; makes us feel most full
◉ Fat Digestion.
Answer: form a layer on top of watery mixture in stomach;
emulsified by bile, lipases begin to break them down into small
fragments that can be absorbed through small intestine into lymph;
digested slowest
◉ Yogurt.
Answer: milk product that promotes a healthful GI tract with use of
probiotics
◉ Glycogen.
Answer: storage form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
◉ Soluble Fibers.
Answer: dissolve in water commonly found in oats, barley, legumes
and citrus fruits; protect against heart disease and diabetes by
lowering blood cholesterol and glucose levels
◉ Insoluble Fibers.
