BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3
COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
VERIFIED RESULTS
●● Leaf Structure.
Answer: Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle)
●● Epidermis contains what?.
Answer: - Cuticle
- Guard cells with Stomata
●● Epidermis.
Answer: outermost cell layer of a plant body
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
●● Cuticle.
Answer: Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation.
●● Guard Cells.
,Answer: Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
●● Stomata.
Answer: Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which
oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both
surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
●● 2 aspects of Photosynthesis.
Answer: light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
●● Mesophyll contains what?.
Answer: - Parenchyma
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
●● Mesophyll.
Answer: Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
●● Parenchyma.
,Answer: Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products
●● Palisade & Spongy layers.
Answer: Palisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur, near the
surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants.
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access
to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs,
converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
●● Vein (Vascular bundle).
Answer: Transports materials throughout the leaf and contains the xylem
and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
●● Stem Structure.
Answer: Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Vascular
Tissues
, ●● Xylem.
Answer: (Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
●● Tracheids.
Answer: Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated, tapered
ends.
Vestigial structure
First kind of tube made
Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and
gymnosperms (slow flow)
●● Vessel Members.
Answer: Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes on end.
Clearly visible
●● Phloem.
Answer: (Phloem Down)
COMPREHENSIVE TEST BANK 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
VERIFIED RESULTS
●● Leaf Structure.
Answer: Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle)
●● Epidermis contains what?.
Answer: - Cuticle
- Guard cells with Stomata
●● Epidermis.
Answer: outermost cell layer of a plant body
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
●● Cuticle.
Answer: Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation.
●● Guard Cells.
,Answer: Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
●● Stomata.
Answer: Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which
oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both
surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
●● 2 aspects of Photosynthesis.
Answer: light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
●● Mesophyll contains what?.
Answer: - Parenchyma
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
●● Mesophyll.
Answer: Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
●● Parenchyma.
,Answer: Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products
●● Palisade & Spongy layers.
Answer: Palisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur, near the
surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants.
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access
to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs,
converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
●● Vein (Vascular bundle).
Answer: Transports materials throughout the leaf and contains the xylem
and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
●● Stem Structure.
Answer: Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Vascular
Tissues
, ●● Xylem.
Answer: (Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
●● Tracheids.
Answer: Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated, tapered
ends.
Vestigial structure
First kind of tube made
Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and
gymnosperms (slow flow)
●● Vessel Members.
Answer: Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes on end.
Clearly visible
●● Phloem.
Answer: (Phloem Down)
