BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3 FINAL
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED
A+
●● Metazoa.
Answer: multicellular animals
●● Phylum Porifera- General characteristics.
Answer: Sponges
- Sessile
- Filter water through canal system
- Mostly marine
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)- body plans.
Answer: body plans
- Asconoid-body bag
-Syconoid-body wall forms
- Leuconoid-most complicated
,●● Asconoid.
Answer: Sponge body plan
Bag shape
most simple
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)- General morphology.
Answer: -Body layers
- Outer:
- Porocytes
- Myocytes
- Middle (Mesohyl)
-Spicules
- Spongin
- Amoebocytes
- Collencytes
- Inner
"Choanocytes"
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)-outer body layers.
Answer: - Porocytes: specialized pore cells
,- Myocytes: muscle-like cells
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layers.
Answer: -Spicules: provide support
- Spongin: protein compound that gives spongy feel
- Amoebocytes: similar to stem cells that produce spicules and spongin
- Collencytes(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons
and believe to have a precursor to a nervous system
●● Collencytes.
Answer: Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layer
(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons and believe to
have a precursor to a nervous system
●● Do sponges have a nervous system?.
Answer: No
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)-inner body layers.
Answer: "Choanocytes":
cells that can trap particles and water into the cell. -Morphologically
similar to the choanoflagellate.
●● Do sponges have muscles?.
, Answer: No
●● name of middle body layer of sponge?.
Answer: mesohyl
●● What can spicules be made of?.
Answer: calcium carbonate or silica dioxide
●● Sponge Reproduction Asexual.
Answer: -Regeneration: grow into more of itself
-Budding: a piece can break away and regrow somewhere else
-Gemmules: spore like structure, that allows them to survive the dry
periods.
●● Sponge Reproduction sexual.
Answer: - Dioecious: Separate sexes
- Monoecious (hermaphrodites): Sperm and egg on one organism
use the water column for fertilization
●● are sponges dioecious or monoecious?.
Answer: Both
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED
A+
●● Metazoa.
Answer: multicellular animals
●● Phylum Porifera- General characteristics.
Answer: Sponges
- Sessile
- Filter water through canal system
- Mostly marine
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)- body plans.
Answer: body plans
- Asconoid-body bag
-Syconoid-body wall forms
- Leuconoid-most complicated
,●● Asconoid.
Answer: Sponge body plan
Bag shape
most simple
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)- General morphology.
Answer: -Body layers
- Outer:
- Porocytes
- Myocytes
- Middle (Mesohyl)
-Spicules
- Spongin
- Amoebocytes
- Collencytes
- Inner
"Choanocytes"
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)-outer body layers.
Answer: - Porocytes: specialized pore cells
,- Myocytes: muscle-like cells
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layers.
Answer: -Spicules: provide support
- Spongin: protein compound that gives spongy feel
- Amoebocytes: similar to stem cells that produce spicules and spongin
- Collencytes(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons
and believe to have a precursor to a nervous system
●● Collencytes.
Answer: Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layer
(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons and believe to
have a precursor to a nervous system
●● Do sponges have a nervous system?.
Answer: No
●● Phylum Porifera (sponges)-inner body layers.
Answer: "Choanocytes":
cells that can trap particles and water into the cell. -Morphologically
similar to the choanoflagellate.
●● Do sponges have muscles?.
, Answer: No
●● name of middle body layer of sponge?.
Answer: mesohyl
●● What can spicules be made of?.
Answer: calcium carbonate or silica dioxide
●● Sponge Reproduction Asexual.
Answer: -Regeneration: grow into more of itself
-Budding: a piece can break away and regrow somewhere else
-Gemmules: spore like structure, that allows them to survive the dry
periods.
●● Sponge Reproduction sexual.
Answer: - Dioecious: Separate sexes
- Monoecious (hermaphrodites): Sperm and egg on one organism
use the water column for fertilization
●● are sponges dioecious or monoecious?.
Answer: Both
