BSNC 2000 FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
ANSWERS VERIFIED
●● Pharmacokinetics. Answer: The process by which drugs are
absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized (biotransformation),
and excreted
●● Pharmacodynamics. Answer: The way the drug affects the body
●● Adverse Effects. Answer: Unintended and usually undesired effects
of a drug
●● Contraindications/Precautions. Answer: A specific situation in which
a drug should not be used because it could cause harm
●● Drug Interactions. Answer: The effects that may occur when the drug
is given along with another drug, food, or substance
●● Adverse Reaction/Side Effects. Answer: Side effects are
CAPITALIZED & most frequent side effects are underlined
●● Agonist. Answer: Drugs that interact directly with receptor sites to
cause the same activity that natural chemicals would cause at that site
, ●● Antagonist. Answer: Prevents activation
●● Affinity. Answer: Ability of a drug to bind to a receptor
●● Efficacy. Answer: Measure how well a drug produces a response
●● Potency. Answer: The amount of drug required for a given response
●● Receptor Sites. Answer: Many drugs are thought to act at specific
areas on cell membranes
●● Competitive Antagonist Drugs. Answer: -Have a higher binding
affinity than the neurotransmitter to a receptor
-Blocks neurotransmitter from binding
●● Non-competitive Antagonist. Answer: Drugs that bind to receptor
sites to block the effects of the agonist
●● Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. Answer: Block
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (lower BP by vasodilation;
decreasing preload and afterload)
E.g., ramipril, captopril, lisinopril, enalapril
ANSWERS VERIFIED
●● Pharmacokinetics. Answer: The process by which drugs are
absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized (biotransformation),
and excreted
●● Pharmacodynamics. Answer: The way the drug affects the body
●● Adverse Effects. Answer: Unintended and usually undesired effects
of a drug
●● Contraindications/Precautions. Answer: A specific situation in which
a drug should not be used because it could cause harm
●● Drug Interactions. Answer: The effects that may occur when the drug
is given along with another drug, food, or substance
●● Adverse Reaction/Side Effects. Answer: Side effects are
CAPITALIZED & most frequent side effects are underlined
●● Agonist. Answer: Drugs that interact directly with receptor sites to
cause the same activity that natural chemicals would cause at that site
, ●● Antagonist. Answer: Prevents activation
●● Affinity. Answer: Ability of a drug to bind to a receptor
●● Efficacy. Answer: Measure how well a drug produces a response
●● Potency. Answer: The amount of drug required for a given response
●● Receptor Sites. Answer: Many drugs are thought to act at specific
areas on cell membranes
●● Competitive Antagonist Drugs. Answer: -Have a higher binding
affinity than the neurotransmitter to a receptor
-Blocks neurotransmitter from binding
●● Non-competitive Antagonist. Answer: Drugs that bind to receptor
sites to block the effects of the agonist
●● Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. Answer: Block
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (lower BP by vasodilation;
decreasing preload and afterload)
E.g., ramipril, captopril, lisinopril, enalapril
