HNF 150 MSU EXAM 2 FINAL SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE
DIETARY SCIENCE CORE
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin D*
Answer: 1. *Rickets* (Kids)
-Soft bones, bowed legs
-Short stature/growth retardation
-Enlargement of ends of long bones
-Deformities of ribs
Poorly formed teeth
-Weakened muscles
-Increased calcium in stools
2. *Osteomacia* (Adults)
-Softening of the bone, bone pain, compressed vertebrae, fractures
3. *Osteoporosis* (Adults)
-Lower peak bone mass and/or bone loss
-Decreased bone strength leads to breaks and falls
,◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin A*
Answer: -Night Blindness
-Xerophthalmia (irreversible blindness)
--Eyes: grey spots
-Keratinization - Follicular Hyperkeratosis = skin changes
-Blindness
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin E*
Answer: -*Hemolytic Anemia (rare in humans)*: premature
breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis)
-*Neurological Changes*: Loss of muscle coordination and reflexes,
impaired vision and speech
-Immune Function impairment
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin C*
Answer: *Scurvy*: Fatigue, pinpoint hemorrhages around hair
follicles, gum and joint bleeding, impaired wound healing, bone pain
, and fractures, psychological problems in advanced stages, diarrhea
and death (apparent after 20-40 days)
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Thiamin*
Answer: 1. *Beriberi* (QUICK!)
-*Dry*: weakness, mental confusion and memory loss, lack of
appetite and weight loss, nerve damage and muscle wasting
-*Wet*: Dry symptoms(above) plus GI and cardiovascular
impairment, enlarged heart, congestive heart failure, and EDEMA
2. *Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome* - chronic alcoholics
-*Symptoms mimic being drunk*-double vision, apathy, confusion,
lack of muscle coordination
3. *Infant Deficiency* - inadequate thiamin in breastmilk
-Sudden cardiac failure, convulsions, and cyanosis (blue baby)
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Riboflavin*
Answer: *Ariboflavinosis*
COMPLETE ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE
DIETARY SCIENCE CORE
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin D*
Answer: 1. *Rickets* (Kids)
-Soft bones, bowed legs
-Short stature/growth retardation
-Enlargement of ends of long bones
-Deformities of ribs
Poorly formed teeth
-Weakened muscles
-Increased calcium in stools
2. *Osteomacia* (Adults)
-Softening of the bone, bone pain, compressed vertebrae, fractures
3. *Osteoporosis* (Adults)
-Lower peak bone mass and/or bone loss
-Decreased bone strength leads to breaks and falls
,◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin A*
Answer: -Night Blindness
-Xerophthalmia (irreversible blindness)
--Eyes: grey spots
-Keratinization - Follicular Hyperkeratosis = skin changes
-Blindness
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin E*
Answer: -*Hemolytic Anemia (rare in humans)*: premature
breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis)
-*Neurological Changes*: Loss of muscle coordination and reflexes,
impaired vision and speech
-Immune Function impairment
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Vitamin C*
Answer: *Scurvy*: Fatigue, pinpoint hemorrhages around hair
follicles, gum and joint bleeding, impaired wound healing, bone pain
, and fractures, psychological problems in advanced stages, diarrhea
and death (apparent after 20-40 days)
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Thiamin*
Answer: 1. *Beriberi* (QUICK!)
-*Dry*: weakness, mental confusion and memory loss, lack of
appetite and weight loss, nerve damage and muscle wasting
-*Wet*: Dry symptoms(above) plus GI and cardiovascular
impairment, enlarged heart, congestive heart failure, and EDEMA
2. *Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome* - chronic alcoholics
-*Symptoms mimic being drunk*-double vision, apathy, confusion,
lack of muscle coordination
3. *Infant Deficiency* - inadequate thiamin in breastmilk
-Sudden cardiac failure, convulsions, and cyanosis (blue baby)
◉ Symptoms of deficiency for *Riboflavin*
Answer: *Ariboflavinosis*
