HNF 150 MSU EXAM 2 PRACTICE
EVALUATION 2026 CORE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS FOOD SCIENCE
PACK
◉ Protein
Answer: compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen and arranged as strands of amino acids.
◉ Amino acid side chains
Answer: Valine - 3 carbon
Leucine - 4 carbon
Tyrosine - 7 carbon
◉ Amino acids:
Answer: are the building blocks of protein
◉ State the different paths an amino acid can take once it is in a cell
Answer: - The amino acid can be used as is to build part of a growing
protein
,- Make another needed compound, such as the vitamin niacin
- Make another type of amino acid
- Convert to glucose and burned as energy or stored as glycogen
- Convert to fat and burned for energy or stored in adipose tissue
◉ Amino Acid Side Chains
Answer: Size
Shape
Electrical charge
◉ 3 Amino Acids
Answer: Valine
Leucine
Tyrosine
◉ Polypeptide
Answer: protein fragments of many (more than 10) amino acids
bonded together (Poly means "many").
◉ Dipeptide
Answer: protein fragments that are two amino acids long (di means
"two")
,◉ Tripeptide
Answer: protein fragments that are 3 amino acids long (tri
means"three")
◉ HCl
Answer: a strong corrosive acid of hydrogen and chloride atoms,
produced by the stomach to assist in digestion. Denatures protein→
uncoils the strands
◉ Electrolyte balance:
Answer: the distribution of fluid and dissolved particles among body
compartments
◉ Enzyme:
Answer: proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being
changed in the process; protein catalysts.
◉ Edema:
Answer: swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid from the
blood vessels; seen in protein deficiency (among other conditions).
◉ Limiting amino acid
, Answer: an essential amino acid that is present in dietary protein in
an insufficient amount, thereby limiting the body's ability to build
protein.
◉ 7 Roles of Protein
Answer: 1. Supporting growth and maintenance
2. Building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
3. Transport and reddit recognition proteins
4. Building antibodies
5. Maintaining acid base balance
6. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
7. Energy (and energy storage)
◉ Protein synthesis:
Answer: the sequence of our protein determined by our genes
◉ Where does chemical digestion of protein begin?
Answer: In the stomach when acid denatures the protein
◉ The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the
stomach by:
Answer: a coat of mucus
EVALUATION 2026 CORE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS FOOD SCIENCE
PACK
◉ Protein
Answer: compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen and arranged as strands of amino acids.
◉ Amino acid side chains
Answer: Valine - 3 carbon
Leucine - 4 carbon
Tyrosine - 7 carbon
◉ Amino acids:
Answer: are the building blocks of protein
◉ State the different paths an amino acid can take once it is in a cell
Answer: - The amino acid can be used as is to build part of a growing
protein
,- Make another needed compound, such as the vitamin niacin
- Make another type of amino acid
- Convert to glucose and burned as energy or stored as glycogen
- Convert to fat and burned for energy or stored in adipose tissue
◉ Amino Acid Side Chains
Answer: Size
Shape
Electrical charge
◉ 3 Amino Acids
Answer: Valine
Leucine
Tyrosine
◉ Polypeptide
Answer: protein fragments of many (more than 10) amino acids
bonded together (Poly means "many").
◉ Dipeptide
Answer: protein fragments that are two amino acids long (di means
"two")
,◉ Tripeptide
Answer: protein fragments that are 3 amino acids long (tri
means"three")
◉ HCl
Answer: a strong corrosive acid of hydrogen and chloride atoms,
produced by the stomach to assist in digestion. Denatures protein→
uncoils the strands
◉ Electrolyte balance:
Answer: the distribution of fluid and dissolved particles among body
compartments
◉ Enzyme:
Answer: proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being
changed in the process; protein catalysts.
◉ Edema:
Answer: swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid from the
blood vessels; seen in protein deficiency (among other conditions).
◉ Limiting amino acid
, Answer: an essential amino acid that is present in dietary protein in
an insufficient amount, thereby limiting the body's ability to build
protein.
◉ 7 Roles of Protein
Answer: 1. Supporting growth and maintenance
2. Building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
3. Transport and reddit recognition proteins
4. Building antibodies
5. Maintaining acid base balance
6. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
7. Energy (and energy storage)
◉ Protein synthesis:
Answer: the sequence of our protein determined by our genes
◉ Where does chemical digestion of protein begin?
Answer: In the stomach when acid denatures the protein
◉ The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the
stomach by:
Answer: a coat of mucus
