HNF 150 MSU EXAM 3 PRACTICE
EVALUATION 2026 CORE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS FOOD SCIENCE
PACK
◉ major roles of water
Answer: -solvent (dissolves solutes); carries nutrients, waste
removal
-cleans tissues and blood
-participates in chemical reactions
-lubricant around joints
-shock absorber
-body temp regulation
◉ mild dehydration symptoms
Answer: thirst, dry mouth, dry skin, fatigue, decreased urine, deep
yellow urine, headache, dizzy
◉ Severe dehydration symptoms
Answer: blood pressure decreases, increased pulse, rapid breathing,
blush lips/fingertips, confusion, seizures, coma, death
,◉ how to dehydrate the body
Answer: don't drink enough fluids, diuretics (alcohol and caffeine), &
eat lots of salt and sugar
◉ ions
Answer: charged particles
◉ anions
Answer: negative charge (Cl-)
◉ cations
Answer: positive charge (Na+)
◉ electrolytes
Answer: compounds that separate into ions within water and able to
conduct an electrical current
◉ water balance
Answer: the balance between water intake and water excretion,
which keeps the body's water content constant
, ◉ hyponatremia
Answer: water accumulates in blood and dilutes sodium in serum
◉ hard water
Answer: more minerals overall than soft water; especially Ca and
Mg; 85% of water in U.S.
◉ soft water
Answer: less minerals than hard water; contains mostly Na; easy on
appliances and pipes
◉ tap water
Answer: disinfection required, confirmed ecoli banned, hundreds of
testing per month, filter for pathogens, test 1/quarter for organic
chemicals
◉ bottled water
Answer: disinfection NOT required, NO confirmed ecoli banned, 1
test per week for bacteria, NO filter for pathogen, tests once a year
for organic chemicals
◉ major minerals
Answer: calcium, chloride magnesium, phosphorus, potassium,
sodium, sulfur
EVALUATION 2026 CORE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS FOOD SCIENCE
PACK
◉ major roles of water
Answer: -solvent (dissolves solutes); carries nutrients, waste
removal
-cleans tissues and blood
-participates in chemical reactions
-lubricant around joints
-shock absorber
-body temp regulation
◉ mild dehydration symptoms
Answer: thirst, dry mouth, dry skin, fatigue, decreased urine, deep
yellow urine, headache, dizzy
◉ Severe dehydration symptoms
Answer: blood pressure decreases, increased pulse, rapid breathing,
blush lips/fingertips, confusion, seizures, coma, death
,◉ how to dehydrate the body
Answer: don't drink enough fluids, diuretics (alcohol and caffeine), &
eat lots of salt and sugar
◉ ions
Answer: charged particles
◉ anions
Answer: negative charge (Cl-)
◉ cations
Answer: positive charge (Na+)
◉ electrolytes
Answer: compounds that separate into ions within water and able to
conduct an electrical current
◉ water balance
Answer: the balance between water intake and water excretion,
which keeps the body's water content constant
, ◉ hyponatremia
Answer: water accumulates in blood and dilutes sodium in serum
◉ hard water
Answer: more minerals overall than soft water; especially Ca and
Mg; 85% of water in U.S.
◉ soft water
Answer: less minerals than hard water; contains mostly Na; easy on
appliances and pipes
◉ tap water
Answer: disinfection required, confirmed ecoli banned, hundreds of
testing per month, filter for pathogens, test 1/quarter for organic
chemicals
◉ bottled water
Answer: disinfection NOT required, NO confirmed ecoli banned, 1
test per week for bacteria, NO filter for pathogen, tests once a year
for organic chemicals
◉ major minerals
Answer: calcium, chloride magnesium, phosphorus, potassium,
sodium, sulfur
