Final Exam/Orthotics, Prosthetics Methods 2 :100% VerifiedQuestions & Answers/Latest Updated A+ Score Solution

When and how long to use cryotherapy on an injury? (AnsUntil CBAN Ice massage: 5-10 mins Cold pack: 15-20 mins Cold is most effective up until 24-72 hours after an injury to address inflammation Which pain theory does cryotherapy use? (Ans- Gate control theory to block noxious stimuli When to use thermotherapy on an injury? (AnsWhen to use superficial heat Decrease muscle spasm Decreased viscosity Cutaneous vasodilation Increased elasticity, extensibility, and flexibility of tissues Increased metabolism in tissues Decrease painhow long to use thermotherapy on an injury (Ans- 15-20 mins What modality could be used to decrease sensitivity for a person with CRPS? (Ans- Fluidotherapy What is the working area for the US head relative to the ERA? (Ans- The crystal does not vibrate uniformly which causes the ERA to be smaller than area of the ultrasound head` Treatment area should be 2 to 3x the size of the ERA Know the size heads for the US and what level of MHz corresponds with the head (Ans- 1 MHZ: 5cm deep Pulsed: .5-1.0 w/cm2 Continuous: 1.5-2.0 w/cm2 3 MHZ: 1-2 cm deep Pulsed: .5-1.0 w/cm2 Continuous: 1.0-1.5 w/cm2 What are the effects of thermal US? (AnsIncrease in peripheral blood flow Increase in metabolic rateIncrease in oxygen uptake Increased temperature in tissues with local hyperemia Elevated pain threshold Changes sensory and motor nerve conduction (research inconclusive) Increased skin temperature, if applied over sympathetic nerves Increased collagen tissue extensibility Increased heating at interfaces (especially bone-muscle interface; bone absorbs 10 x's more than soft tissue) Effects of non-thermal US (Ans- Increases cell and vascular wall permeability to calcium and sodium ions; resulting in less leakage from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces (decreases edema) Increases extensibility of connective tissue (collagen rich tissue) Stimulation of tissue regeneration (fibroblast activity) Promotes soft tissue and bone repair Increases circulation Stimulate the release of histamine from the mast cells by degranulation, especially within the first few hours of the injury, thus accelerating the healing process. Decreases inflammatory phase (inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators) Stimulates fibroblasts to secrete collagen- (increases tensile strength) Accelerates wound contraction and healing of the dermis Decreases pain