BUL 4421 ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Relevant areas of business law applicable to human recourse
management involve (4):.
Answer: 1. Agency law
2. Contracts
3. Employment and labor laws
4. Employment discrimination
●● This type of law regulates disputes between private individuals or
groups.
(Ex: dispute between landlord and tenant governed by private law)..
Answer: Private law
●● This type of law regulates disputes between private individuals and
government.
(Ex: dumping in violation of state or federal environmental laws)..
Answer: Public law
●● This type of law delineates the rights and responsibilities implied in
relationship between persons, or between person and their government..
,Answer: Civil law
●● This type of law regulates incidents in which someone commits an
act against the public as a whole, such as by conducting insider trading
on the stock exchange.
- Government is plaintiff.
Answer: Criminal law
●● Put these laws in order of Hierarchy of Laws: States Statutes, U.S.
Constitutions, Common Law, state constitution, and Federal Statutes.
Answer: - U.S. Constitutions
- Federal Statutes
- State Constitution
- State Statutes
- Common Law
●● Collection of legal interpretations made by judges, and are law
unless revoked by new statutory law..
Answer: Common Law (aka Case Law)
●● Past decisions in similar cases that guide later decisions thereby
providing greater stability and predictability to the law..
Answer: Precedent
,●● A principle stating that rulings made in higher courts are binding
precedent for lower courts. Latin for "standing by the decision.".
Answer: Stare Decisis
●● 1. Summaries of common law rules in a particular area of the law
that have been enacted in most states.
2. They do not carry the weight of the law but guide interpretations of
certain principles..
Answer: Restatements of the Law
●● Certain habits of mind and specific beliefs about human nature.
Beliefs are deeply rooted within a person's emotions and habits, and thus
they are sure to guide one's opinions and decisions. Such beliefs may be
commonly held and create much larger schools of thought thus they are
more common guides to legal interpretation..
Answer: Schools of Jurisprudence
●● Name the (5) Schools of Jurisprudence: *CH*i*LL*i*N*.
Answer: 1. Cost benefit analysis
2. Historical School
3. Legal Positivism
4. Legal Realism
5. Natural Law
, ●● The school of jurisprudence that recognizes the existence of higher
law, or law that is morally superior to human laws..
Answer: Natural Law
●● The school of jurisprudence which holds that because society
requires authority, a legal and authoritative hierarchy should exist. When
a law is made, therefore, *obedience is expected because authority
created it.*
1. Must abide by duly authorized law
2. Law is distinct from morality
3. Moral questions about the law should not interfere with our
inclination to obey it.
4. A judge may write that she is deciding to enforce the law in question
but that her decision does not necessarily mean she sees the law as the
morally correct rule..
Answer: Legal Positivism
●● A school of jurisdiction that:
1. Follows tradition or custom to shape the law
2. Is closely linked with the doctrine of stare decisis
3. We assume past practice was the product of careful thought..
Answer: Historical School (aka tradition or custom)
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Relevant areas of business law applicable to human recourse
management involve (4):.
Answer: 1. Agency law
2. Contracts
3. Employment and labor laws
4. Employment discrimination
●● This type of law regulates disputes between private individuals or
groups.
(Ex: dispute between landlord and tenant governed by private law)..
Answer: Private law
●● This type of law regulates disputes between private individuals and
government.
(Ex: dumping in violation of state or federal environmental laws)..
Answer: Public law
●● This type of law delineates the rights and responsibilities implied in
relationship between persons, or between person and their government..
,Answer: Civil law
●● This type of law regulates incidents in which someone commits an
act against the public as a whole, such as by conducting insider trading
on the stock exchange.
- Government is plaintiff.
Answer: Criminal law
●● Put these laws in order of Hierarchy of Laws: States Statutes, U.S.
Constitutions, Common Law, state constitution, and Federal Statutes.
Answer: - U.S. Constitutions
- Federal Statutes
- State Constitution
- State Statutes
- Common Law
●● Collection of legal interpretations made by judges, and are law
unless revoked by new statutory law..
Answer: Common Law (aka Case Law)
●● Past decisions in similar cases that guide later decisions thereby
providing greater stability and predictability to the law..
Answer: Precedent
,●● A principle stating that rulings made in higher courts are binding
precedent for lower courts. Latin for "standing by the decision.".
Answer: Stare Decisis
●● 1. Summaries of common law rules in a particular area of the law
that have been enacted in most states.
2. They do not carry the weight of the law but guide interpretations of
certain principles..
Answer: Restatements of the Law
●● Certain habits of mind and specific beliefs about human nature.
Beliefs are deeply rooted within a person's emotions and habits, and thus
they are sure to guide one's opinions and decisions. Such beliefs may be
commonly held and create much larger schools of thought thus they are
more common guides to legal interpretation..
Answer: Schools of Jurisprudence
●● Name the (5) Schools of Jurisprudence: *CH*i*LL*i*N*.
Answer: 1. Cost benefit analysis
2. Historical School
3. Legal Positivism
4. Legal Realism
5. Natural Law
, ●● The school of jurisprudence that recognizes the existence of higher
law, or law that is morally superior to human laws..
Answer: Natural Law
●● The school of jurisprudence which holds that because society
requires authority, a legal and authoritative hierarchy should exist. When
a law is made, therefore, *obedience is expected because authority
created it.*
1. Must abide by duly authorized law
2. Law is distinct from morality
3. Moral questions about the law should not interfere with our
inclination to obey it.
4. A judge may write that she is deciding to enforce the law in question
but that her decision does not necessarily mean she sees the law as the
morally correct rule..
Answer: Legal Positivism
●● A school of jurisdiction that:
1. Follows tradition or custom to shape the law
2. Is closely linked with the doctrine of stare decisis
3. We assume past practice was the product of careful thought..
Answer: Historical School (aka tradition or custom)
