HONDROS NUR 176 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026 FULL CONTENT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS COMPLETE SET
◉ What is hemodialysis?
Answer: most common renal replacement therapy used in ESKD and
kidney failure
◉ Where may hemodialysis be preformed?
Answer: -in-patient procedure on critically ill patients
-out-patient for more stable patients
◉ What happens during hemodialysis?
Answer: -blood and dialysate run in different directions
-toxins are diffused into the dialysate, leaving the patient's blood
free from toxins/at least reduced toxins
◉ What is a subclavian dialysis catheter?
Answer: -a radiopaque tube that can be used for hemodialysis
-Y-shaped tubing allows arterial outflow and venous return through
a single catheter
-used for several weeks
,◉ What are possible complications of hemodialysis?
Answer: -disequilibrium syndrome
-muscle cramps
-hemorrhage
-air embolus
-hemodynamic changes (hypotension, anemia)
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-infection
◉ What do you have to do to access the AV fistula?
Answer: -two needles are used
-one toward venous blood flow (clean blood is returned to the body)
-other toward arterial blood flow (blood comes out to be cleaned)
◉ What vessels are used to form an AV fistula?
Answer: -radial/brachial artery and a cephalic vein of nondominant
arm
◉ What complications can occur with vascular access?
Answer: -thrombosis (most frequent)
-stenosis
, -infections
-aneurysms
-ischemia
-heart failure
◉ What are common problems postdialysis and should be closely
monitored for?
Answer: -hypotension/hpertension
-headache
-nausea/vomiting
-malaise/dizziness
-muscle cramps/bleeding
◉ What neurological symptoms can result from dialysis equilibrium
syndrome?
Answer: -headache
-nausea/vomiting
-restlessness
-decreased LOC
-seizures
-coma
-death
2026 FULL CONTENT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS COMPLETE SET
◉ What is hemodialysis?
Answer: most common renal replacement therapy used in ESKD and
kidney failure
◉ Where may hemodialysis be preformed?
Answer: -in-patient procedure on critically ill patients
-out-patient for more stable patients
◉ What happens during hemodialysis?
Answer: -blood and dialysate run in different directions
-toxins are diffused into the dialysate, leaving the patient's blood
free from toxins/at least reduced toxins
◉ What is a subclavian dialysis catheter?
Answer: -a radiopaque tube that can be used for hemodialysis
-Y-shaped tubing allows arterial outflow and venous return through
a single catheter
-used for several weeks
,◉ What are possible complications of hemodialysis?
Answer: -disequilibrium syndrome
-muscle cramps
-hemorrhage
-air embolus
-hemodynamic changes (hypotension, anemia)
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-infection
◉ What do you have to do to access the AV fistula?
Answer: -two needles are used
-one toward venous blood flow (clean blood is returned to the body)
-other toward arterial blood flow (blood comes out to be cleaned)
◉ What vessels are used to form an AV fistula?
Answer: -radial/brachial artery and a cephalic vein of nondominant
arm
◉ What complications can occur with vascular access?
Answer: -thrombosis (most frequent)
-stenosis
, -infections
-aneurysms
-ischemia
-heart failure
◉ What are common problems postdialysis and should be closely
monitored for?
Answer: -hypotension/hpertension
-headache
-nausea/vomiting
-malaise/dizziness
-muscle cramps/bleeding
◉ What neurological symptoms can result from dialysis equilibrium
syndrome?
Answer: -headache
-nausea/vomiting
-restlessness
-decreased LOC
-seizures
-coma
-death
