SSM TCAR Exam Questions and Answers
(2026) | Review Pack | Exam Practice | A+
• How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? -✓✓Intramedullary
nail fixation
• What makes a fracture comminuted? -✓✓The bone is in multiple pieces
• Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? -✓✓SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
• What is Kinematics? -✓✓The process of predicting potential injuries
based on analysis of the forces involved
• Dose of energy is? -✓✓The nature and amount of force
• Characteristic of wounding agent? -✓✓Type of energy and how it was
applied
• Force -✓✓The dose of energy involved
• Which gender is the majority of trauma? -✓✓Male
• Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? -✓✓Teens and young adult
• Blunt trauma Classifications include? -✓✓MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
• Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? -✓✓1 organ system
failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
,• What are the four collisions? -✓✓1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
• Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? -✓✓Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the
occupants are restrained
• Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? -✓✓Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
• What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? -
✓✓Falls
• Factors predicting fall injuries are? -✓✓Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
• Wound ballistics- permanent cavity -✓✓Cavity is the a function of the
size, shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
• For every second of fall time, speed increases by? -✓✓Speed increases
by approximately 20 MPH
• Define Shock? -✓✓A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds
supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen
debt develops.
• Types of shock per TCAR? -✓✓Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
• VS in shock? -✓✓Narrow pulse pressure
, Tachycardia
Low CO
• How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? -✓✓32
ATP molecules
• How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? -✓✓2 ATP
molecules
• Normal pH? -✓✓Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is
7.38-7.42
• What is the footprint of shock? -✓✓Lactic Acidosis
• What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? -
✓✓Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
• Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? -✓✓Acidosis, elevated
temp
More oxygen available to the cells
• Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? -✓✓Hypothermia,
alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
• H & H is a measure of ? -✓✓It is a measure of hemodilution rather than
blood loss.
• What are the hormonal responses to shock? -✓✓Promote body water
retentions by secretion of ADH & activation of RAAS
• What are the inflammatory responses to shock? -✓✓SIRS
Which is a production of pro-inflammatory mediators, histamine release,
and capillary leakage
• Inadvertent esophageal intubation assessment findings include? -
✓✓Gastric distention,
absent breath sounds,
(2026) | Review Pack | Exam Practice | A+
• How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures managed? -✓✓Intramedullary
nail fixation
• What makes a fracture comminuted? -✓✓The bone is in multiple pieces
• Physiologic criteria for trauma center care? -✓✓SBP<90
Resp rate <10 or >29
GCS <14
• What is Kinematics? -✓✓The process of predicting potential injuries
based on analysis of the forces involved
• Dose of energy is? -✓✓The nature and amount of force
• Characteristic of wounding agent? -✓✓Type of energy and how it was
applied
• Force -✓✓The dose of energy involved
• Which gender is the majority of trauma? -✓✓Male
• Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? -✓✓Teens and young adult
• Blunt trauma Classifications include? -✓✓MVA
Auto vs. pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
• Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? -✓✓1 organ system
failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
,• What are the four collisions? -✓✓1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
• Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? -✓✓Deceleration distance
Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the
occupants are restrained
• Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? -✓✓Point of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
• What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? -
✓✓Falls
• Factors predicting fall injuries are? -✓✓Fall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
• Wound ballistics- permanent cavity -✓✓Cavity is the a function of the
size, shape, and characteristic of the missile (mass)
• For every second of fall time, speed increases by? -✓✓Speed increases
by approximately 20 MPH
• Define Shock? -✓✓A state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds
supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen
debt develops.
• Types of shock per TCAR? -✓✓Pumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
• VS in shock? -✓✓Narrow pulse pressure
, Tachycardia
Low CO
• How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? -✓✓32
ATP molecules
• How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? -✓✓2 ATP
molecules
• Normal pH? -✓✓Refernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is
7.38-7.42
• What is the footprint of shock? -✓✓Lactic Acidosis
• What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? -
✓✓Temperature & pH, which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
• Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? -✓✓Acidosis, elevated
temp
More oxygen available to the cells
• Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? -✓✓Hypothermia,
alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
• H & H is a measure of ? -✓✓It is a measure of hemodilution rather than
blood loss.
• What are the hormonal responses to shock? -✓✓Promote body water
retentions by secretion of ADH & activation of RAAS
• What are the inflammatory responses to shock? -✓✓SIRS
Which is a production of pro-inflammatory mediators, histamine release,
and capillary leakage
• Inadvertent esophageal intubation assessment findings include? -
✓✓Gastric distention,
absent breath sounds,
