CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
AND DRUG THERAPY FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE ANSWERS VERIFIED
●● What is the prototype medication for ACE inhibitors? Answer:
Captopril
●● What is the primary pharmacological action of ACE inhibitors?
Answer: Vasodilation, excretion of sodium and water, and retention of
potassium.
●● List one therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors. Answer: Hypertension,
heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy.
●● What is the prototype medication for Angiotensin II receptor
blockers (ARBs)? Answer: Losartan
●● How do ARBs differ from ACE inhibitors? Answer: ARBs block the
actions of angiotensin II, while ACE inhibitors block its formation.
●● What is the prototype medication for aldosterone antagonists?
Answer: Eplerenone
, ●● What therapeutic uses are associated with aldosterone antagonists?
Answer: Hypertension, heart failure, premenstrual syndrome, polycystic
ovary syndrome.
●● What is the prototype medication for direct renin inhibitors? Answer:
Aliskiren
●● What is the pharmacological action of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: Vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle and arteries/arterioles.
●● What is the prototype medication for alpha adrenergic blockers?
Answer: Prazosin
●● What is the therapeutic use of centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
Answer: Primary hypertension and severe cancer pain management.
●● What is the prototype medication for beta adrenergic blockers?
Answer: Metoprolol (cardioselective) and Propranolol (nonselective).
●● What is the pharmacological action of beta adrenergic blockers?
Answer: Decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and rate of
conduction through the AV node.
●● What is the prototype medication for hypertensive crisis? Answer:
Nitroprusside
AND DRUG THERAPY FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE ANSWERS VERIFIED
●● What is the prototype medication for ACE inhibitors? Answer:
Captopril
●● What is the primary pharmacological action of ACE inhibitors?
Answer: Vasodilation, excretion of sodium and water, and retention of
potassium.
●● List one therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors. Answer: Hypertension,
heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy.
●● What is the prototype medication for Angiotensin II receptor
blockers (ARBs)? Answer: Losartan
●● How do ARBs differ from ACE inhibitors? Answer: ARBs block the
actions of angiotensin II, while ACE inhibitors block its formation.
●● What is the prototype medication for aldosterone antagonists?
Answer: Eplerenone
, ●● What therapeutic uses are associated with aldosterone antagonists?
Answer: Hypertension, heart failure, premenstrual syndrome, polycystic
ovary syndrome.
●● What is the prototype medication for direct renin inhibitors? Answer:
Aliskiren
●● What is the pharmacological action of calcium channel blockers?
Answer: Vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle and arteries/arterioles.
●● What is the prototype medication for alpha adrenergic blockers?
Answer: Prazosin
●● What is the therapeutic use of centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
Answer: Primary hypertension and severe cancer pain management.
●● What is the prototype medication for beta adrenergic blockers?
Answer: Metoprolol (cardioselective) and Propranolol (nonselective).
●● What is the pharmacological action of beta adrenergic blockers?
Answer: Decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and rate of
conduction through the AV node.
●● What is the prototype medication for hypertensive crisis? Answer:
Nitroprusside
