NUTR 1010 Final Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Micronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER Essential vitamins and minerals needed in small
amounts.
Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Organic molecules required for bodily functions.
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER Inorganic molecules essential for body function.
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER Substances that protect cells from damage.
Water-soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins absorbed in water, excreted in urine.
Fat-soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins stored in fat, can be toxic.
B Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Co-enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
Thiamin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B1, needed for glucose metabolism.
Riboflavin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B2, important for energy production.
Niacin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B3, supports metabolism of carbohydrates.
Pantothenic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B5, essential for fatty acid metabolism.
Pyridoxine - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B6, involved in amino acid metabolism.
,Biotin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B7, important for fatty acid synthesis.
Folate - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B9, crucial for DNA synthesis.
Cobalamin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B12, necessary for red blood cell formation.
Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Adding nutrients to foods not naturally present.
Enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER Restoring nutrients lost during food processing.
Beriberi - CORRECT ANSWER Thiamin deficiency causing lethargy and nerve damage.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive disorder from thiamin
deficiency and alcoholism.
Neural tube defects - CORRECT ANSWER Birth defects from inadequate folate during
pregnancy.
Spina bifida - CORRECT ANSWER A neural tube defect caused by low folate.
Sources of B Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Found in grains, vegetables, dairy, meat, and
fish.
Folate Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Increased colon cancer risk since 1998
fortification.
Folate - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulates DNA synthesis, may promote cancer growth.
Food Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Benefits some populations, harms others.
Confounders - CORRECT ANSWER Factors like health status affecting study results.
, Vitamin C - CORRECT ANSWER Also known as ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin.
Ascorbic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER Alternate name for Vitamin C.
Water-Soluble Vitamin - CORRECT ANSWER Dissolves in water, not stored in the body.
Collagen - CORRECT ANSWER Protein essential for connective tissue and healing.
Bile Acids - CORRECT ANSWER Produced from cholesterol, aids in fat digestion.
Neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER Chemicals transmitting signals in the nervous
system.
Antioxidant - CORRECT ANSWER Neutralizes free radicals, protects against oxidative stress.
Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of electrons, often by free radicals.
Oxidative Stress - CORRECT ANSWER Imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants.
Free Radicals - CORRECT ANSWER Unstable molecules that can damage cells.
Oxidative Stress and Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Increased oxidation linked to various
diseases.
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER Chemicals that reduce free radical damage.
Scurvy - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin C deficiency causing bleeding gums and pain.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins A, D, E, K absorbed with fat.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Micronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER Essential vitamins and minerals needed in small
amounts.
Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Organic molecules required for bodily functions.
Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER Inorganic molecules essential for body function.
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER Substances that protect cells from damage.
Water-soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins absorbed in water, excreted in urine.
Fat-soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins stored in fat, can be toxic.
B Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Co-enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
Thiamin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B1, needed for glucose metabolism.
Riboflavin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B2, important for energy production.
Niacin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B3, supports metabolism of carbohydrates.
Pantothenic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B5, essential for fatty acid metabolism.
Pyridoxine - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B6, involved in amino acid metabolism.
,Biotin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B7, important for fatty acid synthesis.
Folate - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B9, crucial for DNA synthesis.
Cobalamin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin B12, necessary for red blood cell formation.
Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Adding nutrients to foods not naturally present.
Enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER Restoring nutrients lost during food processing.
Beriberi - CORRECT ANSWER Thiamin deficiency causing lethargy and nerve damage.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive disorder from thiamin
deficiency and alcoholism.
Neural tube defects - CORRECT ANSWER Birth defects from inadequate folate during
pregnancy.
Spina bifida - CORRECT ANSWER A neural tube defect caused by low folate.
Sources of B Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Found in grains, vegetables, dairy, meat, and
fish.
Folate Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Increased colon cancer risk since 1998
fortification.
Folate - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulates DNA synthesis, may promote cancer growth.
Food Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Benefits some populations, harms others.
Confounders - CORRECT ANSWER Factors like health status affecting study results.
, Vitamin C - CORRECT ANSWER Also known as ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin.
Ascorbic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER Alternate name for Vitamin C.
Water-Soluble Vitamin - CORRECT ANSWER Dissolves in water, not stored in the body.
Collagen - CORRECT ANSWER Protein essential for connective tissue and healing.
Bile Acids - CORRECT ANSWER Produced from cholesterol, aids in fat digestion.
Neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER Chemicals transmitting signals in the nervous
system.
Antioxidant - CORRECT ANSWER Neutralizes free radicals, protects against oxidative stress.
Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of electrons, often by free radicals.
Oxidative Stress - CORRECT ANSWER Imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants.
Free Radicals - CORRECT ANSWER Unstable molecules that can damage cells.
Oxidative Stress and Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Increased oxidation linked to various
diseases.
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER Chemicals that reduce free radical damage.
Scurvy - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin C deficiency causing bleeding gums and pain.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamins A, D, E, K absorbed with fat.
