RECENT EXAM WITH COMPLETE REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+|| NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM JUST
RELEASED!!! STUDY GUIDE EXAM & BEST FOR EXAM
PREP ||British Columbia Institute of Technology (Bcit)
Clinical Decision Making
The process of making informed decisions about pain management based
on the patient's history, previous experiences, type of pain, and effectiveness
of previous interventions.
Nociceptive Pain
Physical pain caused by the activation of nociceptors in response to hot, cold,
mechanical, or chemical stimuli.
Central Neuropathic Pain
Pain caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the central nervous system.
,Neuropathic Pain
Pain caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system.
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Pain caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, which
may be present despite the absence of tissue damage or
inflammation.
Pathophysiology of urge incontinence
Overactive bladder muscles that contract involuntarily, leading to sudden
urges and leakage
Pathophysiology of overflow incontinence
Bladder unable to empty completely, resulting in constant dribbling
Symptoms of stress incontinence
Leakage of urine during coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise
,Symptoms of urge incontinence
Sudden and strong urge to urinate, frequent urination, and involuntary leakage
Symptoms of overflow incontinence
Frequent dribbling, feeling of incomplete bladder emptying, and weak urine
flow
Elimination
Excretion of waste (urine and stool) from the body.
Urinary elimination
Passage of urine out of the urinary tract through the urethra.
Bowel elimination
Passage of stool through the intestinal tract and rectum.
, Types of urinary incontinence
Stress, urge, overflow, functional.
Pelvic floor muscles
Muscles that support the pelvic organs and control the openings of the vagina,
anus, and urethra.
Normal urinary elimination requirements
Outlet, intake, renal function.
Age-related changes affecting urinary elimination
Decreased bladder capacity, decreased strength of bladder contraction.
Impaired elimination
Retention, unintentional retention of urine or stool, painful elimination,
incontinence, impaired elimination due to organ failure.