*Summary NUR 280- Comp Review-
comp 1, comp 2, comp 3 questions and
answers plus rationales.
*1. A patient with a left-sided weakness is learning to use a cane. Which
instruction should the nurse provide?**
- **A)** "Hold the cane on your weak side."
- **B)** "Hold the cane on your strong side and move it with your weak
side."
- **C)** "Place the cane 12 inches from your body."
- **D)** "The cane handle should be at waist level."
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The cane should be held on the strong (unaffected) side
and moved forward simultaneously with the weak (affected) side. The
hand grip should be at the level of the greater trochanter with elbows
flexed at 15-30 degrees, not waist level. The cane should be held 4-6
inches from the side of the foot .
---
,**2. The nurse is caring for a patient with tumor lysis syndrome. Which
laboratory finding would the nurse expect?**
- **A)** Hypokalemia
- **B)** Hyperkalemia
- **C)** Hypercalcemia
- **D)** Hypophosphatemia
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Tumor lysis syndrome results in rapid release of potassium
and uric acid from dying cancer cells faster than the body can eliminate
them. This leads to hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia,
and hyperuricemia, which can cause acute kidney injury .
---
**3. A patient reports sudden onset of dark floating spots in their
vision. Which condition should the nurse suspect?**
- **A)** Open-angle glaucoma
- **B)** Retinal detachment
- **C)** Cataracts
- **D)** Macular degeneration
,**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Dark floating spots, blurred vision, and a sensation of a
curtain being drawn over the eye are classic signs of retinal
detachment. This is painless and requires immediate intervention to
prevent permanent vision loss .
---
**4. A patient with a chest tube has drainage of 150 mL/hr. What is the
nurse's priority action?**
- **A)** Document the finding as normal
- **B)** Notify the healthcare provider immediately
- **C)** Increase suction pressure
- **D)** Milk the chest tube to ensure patency
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Chest tube drainage exceeding 100 mL/hr is considered
excessive and may indicate hemorrhage. The healthcare provider
should be notified immediately. Gentle bubbling in the suction chamber
and tidaling in the water seal chamber are normal findings .
---
, **5. The nurse is teaching a patient with diverticulosis about dietary
management. Which statement indicates correct understanding?**
- **A)** "I should follow a low-fiber diet."
- **B)** "I need to increase my fiber intake."
- **C)** "I should avoid all fruits and vegetables."
- **D)** "I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication."
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Diverticulosis requires a high-fiber diet to prevent
constipation and further diverticula formation. Diverticulitis (acute
inflammation) requires a low-fiber or clear liquid diet during the acute
phase .
---
**6. A patient is prescribed 70/30 insulin. How should the nurse
instruct the patient regarding administration?**
- **A)** "Shake the vial vigorously before drawing up."
- **B)** "Inject air into the cloudy insulin first, then the clear insulin."
- **C)** "Draw up the cloudy insulin before the clear insulin."
- **D)** "This insulin can be mixed with any other insulin type."
comp 1, comp 2, comp 3 questions and
answers plus rationales.
*1. A patient with a left-sided weakness is learning to use a cane. Which
instruction should the nurse provide?**
- **A)** "Hold the cane on your weak side."
- **B)** "Hold the cane on your strong side and move it with your weak
side."
- **C)** "Place the cane 12 inches from your body."
- **D)** "The cane handle should be at waist level."
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* The cane should be held on the strong (unaffected) side
and moved forward simultaneously with the weak (affected) side. The
hand grip should be at the level of the greater trochanter with elbows
flexed at 15-30 degrees, not waist level. The cane should be held 4-6
inches from the side of the foot .
---
,**2. The nurse is caring for a patient with tumor lysis syndrome. Which
laboratory finding would the nurse expect?**
- **A)** Hypokalemia
- **B)** Hyperkalemia
- **C)** Hypercalcemia
- **D)** Hypophosphatemia
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Tumor lysis syndrome results in rapid release of potassium
and uric acid from dying cancer cells faster than the body can eliminate
them. This leads to hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia,
and hyperuricemia, which can cause acute kidney injury .
---
**3. A patient reports sudden onset of dark floating spots in their
vision. Which condition should the nurse suspect?**
- **A)** Open-angle glaucoma
- **B)** Retinal detachment
- **C)** Cataracts
- **D)** Macular degeneration
,**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Dark floating spots, blurred vision, and a sensation of a
curtain being drawn over the eye are classic signs of retinal
detachment. This is painless and requires immediate intervention to
prevent permanent vision loss .
---
**4. A patient with a chest tube has drainage of 150 mL/hr. What is the
nurse's priority action?**
- **A)** Document the finding as normal
- **B)** Notify the healthcare provider immediately
- **C)** Increase suction pressure
- **D)** Milk the chest tube to ensure patency
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Chest tube drainage exceeding 100 mL/hr is considered
excessive and may indicate hemorrhage. The healthcare provider
should be notified immediately. Gentle bubbling in the suction chamber
and tidaling in the water seal chamber are normal findings .
---
, **5. The nurse is teaching a patient with diverticulosis about dietary
management. Which statement indicates correct understanding?**
- **A)** "I should follow a low-fiber diet."
- **B)** "I need to increase my fiber intake."
- **C)** "I should avoid all fruits and vegetables."
- **D)** "I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication."
**Answer: B**
*Rationale:* Diverticulosis requires a high-fiber diet to prevent
constipation and further diverticula formation. Diverticulitis (acute
inflammation) requires a low-fiber or clear liquid diet during the acute
phase .
---
**6. A patient is prescribed 70/30 insulin. How should the nurse
instruct the patient regarding administration?**
- **A)** "Shake the vial vigorously before drawing up."
- **B)** "Inject air into the cloudy insulin first, then the clear insulin."
- **C)** "Draw up the cloudy insulin before the clear insulin."
- **D)** "This insulin can be mixed with any other insulin type."
