HYPERTENSION PRACTICE QUESTIONS ss ss
ss AND ANSWERS A+ GUIDE. ss ss ss
Diuretics
1. The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client prescribed
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
hydrochlorothizide for treatment of hypertension associated with HF.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Which instruction should the nurse include?
s s ss ss ss ss ss
a. Drink at least 2000-3000 mL of fluids per day. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. Weigh monthly and report the weight to the HCP. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. Eat bananas and oranges regularly. ss ss ss ss
d. Decrease the amount of calcium and potassium in the diet. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
2. The kidney produces approximately 180 L (180,000 mL) of filtrate each
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
day. How much is normally excreted as urine in a day?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. 0.9 L ss
b. 1.8 L ss
c. 3.6 L ss
d. 4.5 L ss
3. Most diuretics work by:
ss ss ss
a. blocking synthesis of pumps responsible for sodium and ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
potassium transport in the distal nephron.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. acting on the collecting duct to increase permeability to water.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption. ss ss ss ss
d. blocking reabsorption of sodium in the distal nephron and ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
increasing potassium reabsorption.
ss ss ss
4. Diuretics that produce the most significant diuresis affect reabsorption in the:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. thick segment of the ascending Loop of Henle.ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. early distal convoluted tubule (DCT). ss ss ss ss
c. late distal convoluted tubule (DCT). ss ss ss ss
d. collecting ducts. ss
5. The client diagnosed with stage D HF has a BNP level greater than 1500.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s Which medication would the nurse anticipate the HCP prescribing?
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Captopril orally. ss
b. Digoxin IVP. ss
c. Dobutamine IV continuous drip. ss ss ss
d. Metoprolol orally. ss
6. A patient in chronic renal failure has been retaining fluid despite
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
dialysis. Which diuretic would the nurse expect to administer?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. bumetanide.
b. hydrochlorothiazide.
c. metolazone.
d. spironolactone.
,7. A patient with heart failure has been prescribed a loop diuretic. The
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s
assessment that most accurately reflects a therapeutic effect of this drug is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. a drop in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm/Hg.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. normal heart sounds. ss ss
c. clear lung sounds. ss ss
d. increased urine output. ss ss
8. A patient diagnosed with HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
prescribed hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally daily. Based on the effect of
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
hydrochlorothiazide on the patient’s DM, it is important for the nurse to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
assess this patient for:
ss ss ss ss
a. irritability, paresthesias, and muscle weakness. ss ss ss ss
b. diaphoresis, shakiness, and tachycardia. ss ss ss
c. increased thirst, confusion, and dry, hot skin. ss ss ss ss ss ss
d. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. ss ss ss
9. A patient is receiving a loop diuretic. The nurse takes orthostatic BP
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
readings before administering the diuretic. Which change in orthostatic
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
BP should be reported to the prescriber?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. 150/90 mm Hg lying; 125/70 mm Hg sittingss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. 140/82 mm Hg lying; 125/72 mm Hg sittingss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. 130/90 mm Hg lying; 118/78 mm Hg sittingss ss ss ss ss ss ss
d. 116/70 mm Hg lying: 110/68 mm Hg sitting
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
10. A patient has been prescribed a loop diuretic. Which of the following foods
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
are important to include in the diet to prevent hypokalemia? (Select all that
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
apply).
ss
a. Bananas
b. Beans
c. Cheese
d. Red meat ss
e. Oranges
f. Pork
g. Raisins
h. Spinach
i. Yogurt
, 11. A patient has been prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should monitor
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
lab tests for: (Select all that apply).
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. hypocalcemia.
b. hypochloremia.
c. hypoglycemia
d. hypokalemia
e. hypomagnesemia
f. hyponatremia
g. increased HDL ss
h. decreased triglycerides ss
i. elevated LDL ss
j. elevated uric acid ss ss
12. Over-the-counter medications that can counteract the effects of loop
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
diuretics include:
ss ss
a. acetaminophen.
b. ibuprofen.
c. iron.
d. multiple vitamins. ss
13. The recommended diuretic for initial therapy of essential hypertension is a(n):
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. high ceiling (loop). ss ss
b. osmotic.
c. potassium-sparing.
d. thiazide.
14. It is important for the nurse to assess for ototoxicity when a patient has
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
been prescribed a loop diuretic and a(n):
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. aminoglycoside antibiotic. ss
b. cephalosporin antibiotic. ss
c. macrolide antibiotic. ss
d. penicillin antibiotic. ss
15. The nurse is reviewing the lab values for a patient who has been
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
prescribed lithium carbonate for bipolar disorder and furosemide for HF.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Which of the following electrolyte results would be a reason for
s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
concern?
ss
a. Chloride 100 mEq/L. ss ss
b. Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L. ss ss
c. Potassium 3.6 mEq/L. ss ss
d. Sodium 128 mEq/L. ss ss
ss AND ANSWERS A+ GUIDE. ss ss ss
Diuretics
1. The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client prescribed
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
hydrochlorothizide for treatment of hypertension associated with HF.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Which instruction should the nurse include?
s s ss ss ss ss ss
a. Drink at least 2000-3000 mL of fluids per day. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. Weigh monthly and report the weight to the HCP. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. Eat bananas and oranges regularly. ss ss ss ss
d. Decrease the amount of calcium and potassium in the diet. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
2. The kidney produces approximately 180 L (180,000 mL) of filtrate each
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
day. How much is normally excreted as urine in a day?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. 0.9 L ss
b. 1.8 L ss
c. 3.6 L ss
d. 4.5 L ss
3. Most diuretics work by:
ss ss ss
a. blocking synthesis of pumps responsible for sodium and ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
potassium transport in the distal nephron.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. acting on the collecting duct to increase permeability to water.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption. ss ss ss ss
d. blocking reabsorption of sodium in the distal nephron and ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
increasing potassium reabsorption.
ss ss ss
4. Diuretics that produce the most significant diuresis affect reabsorption in the:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. thick segment of the ascending Loop of Henle.ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. early distal convoluted tubule (DCT). ss ss ss ss
c. late distal convoluted tubule (DCT). ss ss ss ss
d. collecting ducts. ss
5. The client diagnosed with stage D HF has a BNP level greater than 1500.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
s Which medication would the nurse anticipate the HCP prescribing?
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. Captopril orally. ss
b. Digoxin IVP. ss
c. Dobutamine IV continuous drip. ss ss ss
d. Metoprolol orally. ss
6. A patient in chronic renal failure has been retaining fluid despite
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
dialysis. Which diuretic would the nurse expect to administer?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. bumetanide.
b. hydrochlorothiazide.
c. metolazone.
d. spironolactone.
,7. A patient with heart failure has been prescribed a loop diuretic. The
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s s
assessment that most accurately reflects a therapeutic effect of this drug is
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. a drop in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm/Hg.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. normal heart sounds. ss ss
c. clear lung sounds. ss ss
d. increased urine output. ss ss
8. A patient diagnosed with HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
prescribed hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg orally daily. Based on the effect of
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
hydrochlorothiazide on the patient’s DM, it is important for the nurse to
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
assess this patient for:
ss ss ss ss
a. irritability, paresthesias, and muscle weakness. ss ss ss ss
b. diaphoresis, shakiness, and tachycardia. ss ss ss
c. increased thirst, confusion, and dry, hot skin. ss ss ss ss ss ss
d. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. ss ss ss
9. A patient is receiving a loop diuretic. The nurse takes orthostatic BP
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
readings before administering the diuretic. Which change in orthostatic
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
BP should be reported to the prescriber?
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. 150/90 mm Hg lying; 125/70 mm Hg sittingss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b. 140/82 mm Hg lying; 125/72 mm Hg sittingss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c. 130/90 mm Hg lying; 118/78 mm Hg sittingss ss ss ss ss ss ss
d. 116/70 mm Hg lying: 110/68 mm Hg sitting
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
10. A patient has been prescribed a loop diuretic. Which of the following foods
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
are important to include in the diet to prevent hypokalemia? (Select all that
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
apply).
ss
a. Bananas
b. Beans
c. Cheese
d. Red meat ss
e. Oranges
f. Pork
g. Raisins
h. Spinach
i. Yogurt
, 11. A patient has been prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should monitor
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
lab tests for: (Select all that apply).
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. hypocalcemia.
b. hypochloremia.
c. hypoglycemia
d. hypokalemia
e. hypomagnesemia
f. hyponatremia
g. increased HDL ss
h. decreased triglycerides ss
i. elevated LDL ss
j. elevated uric acid ss ss
12. Over-the-counter medications that can counteract the effects of loop
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
diuretics include:
ss ss
a. acetaminophen.
b. ibuprofen.
c. iron.
d. multiple vitamins. ss
13. The recommended diuretic for initial therapy of essential hypertension is a(n):
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. high ceiling (loop). ss ss
b. osmotic.
c. potassium-sparing.
d. thiazide.
14. It is important for the nurse to assess for ototoxicity when a patient has
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
been prescribed a loop diuretic and a(n):
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
a. aminoglycoside antibiotic. ss
b. cephalosporin antibiotic. ss
c. macrolide antibiotic. ss
d. penicillin antibiotic. ss
15. The nurse is reviewing the lab values for a patient who has been
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
prescribed lithium carbonate for bipolar disorder and furosemide for HF.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Which of the following electrolyte results would be a reason for
s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
concern?
ss
a. Chloride 100 mEq/L. ss ss
b. Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L. ss ss
c. Potassium 3.6 mEq/L. ss ss
d. Sodium 128 mEq/L. ss ss
