What is the first line of defense for someone who is at risk for CAD? - ANSWER Diet modi-
fications and exercise
What is the first line treatment for hypotension and hypertension? - ANSWER Fluid man-
agement
What are non-modifiable risk factors for CAD? - ANSWER -Family hx (age 55 or younger)
-Age
-Gender
-Race
What are modifiable risk factors for CAD? - ANSWER -Hyperlipidemia
-Smoking, tobacco use
-HTN
-Diabetes
-Obesity
-Physical inactivity
Is alcohol intake a risk factor for CAD? - ANSWER NO. Alcohol intake is NOT related to
CAD.
If a patient is receiving cardiac catheterization, what must the nurse assess prior to the pro-
cedure? - ANSWER The nurse must assess renal function, allergies, and medications.
Metformin (used for T2D) interacts with the contrast dye and can cause kidney damage = call
HCP and verify order.
1
, How long should a patient be NPO prior to a cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER Unless
it's an emergency, a patient should be NPO 8-12 hours prior to the procedure.
If a patient is receiving a left side cardiac catheterization, where will the provider place the
access? - ANSWER The provider will achieve arterial access through the femoral artery or
radial artery.
If a patient is receiving a right side cardiac catheterization, where will the provider place the
access? - ANSWER The provider will achieve venous access through the femoral vein
What are important nursing interventions following a cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER
-Apply pressure to the insertion site.
-Maintain HOB at 30 degrees or less.
-Frequent neurovascular checks on the affected extremity.
-Monitor insertion site for infection/bleeding.
-Maintain bedrest for 4-6 hours following procedure.
-Keep affected extremity straight.
-Frequent vital signs per doctor's order.
What is the gold standard to rule out an MI in a patient experiencing chest pain? - AN-
SWER Gold standard is to obtain a 12-lead EKG within 10 minutes of arrival.
What is the priority intervention for a patient experiencing chest pain? - ANSWER Obtain
an EKG FIRST, then obtain vitals.
STEMI vs. NSTEMI - ANSWER STEMI: ST elevation
NSTEMI: no ST elevation or EKG changes but has an increase in cardiac biomarkers or T wave
depression/inversion (could be an old MI)
2
fications and exercise
What is the first line treatment for hypotension and hypertension? - ANSWER Fluid man-
agement
What are non-modifiable risk factors for CAD? - ANSWER -Family hx (age 55 or younger)
-Age
-Gender
-Race
What are modifiable risk factors for CAD? - ANSWER -Hyperlipidemia
-Smoking, tobacco use
-HTN
-Diabetes
-Obesity
-Physical inactivity
Is alcohol intake a risk factor for CAD? - ANSWER NO. Alcohol intake is NOT related to
CAD.
If a patient is receiving cardiac catheterization, what must the nurse assess prior to the pro-
cedure? - ANSWER The nurse must assess renal function, allergies, and medications.
Metformin (used for T2D) interacts with the contrast dye and can cause kidney damage = call
HCP and verify order.
1
, How long should a patient be NPO prior to a cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER Unless
it's an emergency, a patient should be NPO 8-12 hours prior to the procedure.
If a patient is receiving a left side cardiac catheterization, where will the provider place the
access? - ANSWER The provider will achieve arterial access through the femoral artery or
radial artery.
If a patient is receiving a right side cardiac catheterization, where will the provider place the
access? - ANSWER The provider will achieve venous access through the femoral vein
What are important nursing interventions following a cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER
-Apply pressure to the insertion site.
-Maintain HOB at 30 degrees or less.
-Frequent neurovascular checks on the affected extremity.
-Monitor insertion site for infection/bleeding.
-Maintain bedrest for 4-6 hours following procedure.
-Keep affected extremity straight.
-Frequent vital signs per doctor's order.
What is the gold standard to rule out an MI in a patient experiencing chest pain? - AN-
SWER Gold standard is to obtain a 12-lead EKG within 10 minutes of arrival.
What is the priority intervention for a patient experiencing chest pain? - ANSWER Obtain
an EKG FIRST, then obtain vitals.
STEMI vs. NSTEMI - ANSWER STEMI: ST elevation
NSTEMI: no ST elevation or EKG changes but has an increase in cardiac biomarkers or T wave
depression/inversion (could be an old MI)
2
