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- breast reconstruction or CABG
- internal mammary artery for size or epigastric for best
A TRAM flap would be used for which type of surgery and arterialized muscle segment
what artery is mapped?
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
When a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted
on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to
improve the flow of blood to the heart.
Upper extremity arterial mapping is used for .
We assess a high/low brachial bifurcation and presence dialysis access for an AV fistula
of disease.
> 2 mm
Radial artery mapping is used for dialysis access fistulas
and coronary bypass. We assess for the presence of dis-
ease and report the size > mm.
Preoperative venous mapping is used for bypass graft & > 2-3 mm
dialysis access. Targeted upper extremity veins are the
cephalic/basilic, and lower extremity; the GSV/SSV. Incre-
mental diameters and length obtained (> mm)
2.5 cm
The sonographer's role in thermal ablation: Tip of catheter
is at cm distal to the SFJ or SEV.
What is the name for the anatomical landmark for ant.
alignment sign
accessory saphenous vein? (seen in this image)
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heaviness/aching/cramping
edema
varicose veins
Symptoms of chronic venous insuflciency (CVI)?
hyperpigmentation
restless leg syndrome
ulcers
What type of DVT?
Acute DVT
Time frame: 0-14 days from onset of symptoms like
swelling, pain, and redness appear rapidly. Ultrasound
Characteristics: anechoic/hypoechoic, loose, and irregu-
lar. NON-COMPRESSIBLE. Absent/reduced venous flow.
Enlarged vein.
What type of DVT?
Time frame: 2 weeks to 3 months Subacute DVT
Hyperechoic, adhered to wall. Non-compressible or par-
tial compressibility due to the start of recanalization.
Ruced or absent flow, collaterals may form.
Chronic DVT
What type of DVT?
Time frame: >3 months
Echogenic thrombus, presence of collaterals, partially
compressible d/t recanalization, phlebitis
Occlusion of the hepatic veins with or without occlusion of
Budd-Chiari syndrome
the IVC. Leads to liver failure, poor prognosis.
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Varicocele
Abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord. More
common on left.
Portal triad
portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
The SVC, IVC, innominates, soleals, and intracranial veins
they DO NOT got VALVES
all have what in common?
portal confluence
The splenic, SMV & IMV form the .
1. Left liver lobe 2. Pancreas parenchyma (head/body) 3. Pancreas anatomy
Splenic vein (Portal Confluence at pancreatic head and
appears rounded. PC = Spl. V. & SMV) 4. Aorta 5. IVC (with
left renal vein anterior to AO and posterior to SMA) 6. Su-
perior Mesenteric Artery/SMA 7. Common Bile Duct/CBD
8. Gastroduodenal artery/GDA
A mini stroke - a transient cerebrovascular event that re-
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
solves within 24 hours.
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A transient cerebrovascular event that lasts greater than
Resolving Ischemic Neurological Deficit (RIND)
24 hours but resolves completely.
A permanent cerebrovascular event where symptoms last
greater than 24 hours and complete recovery does not Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
occur.
A 43-year-old female comes in due to HTN and a history Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
of TIA. Considering the image, what is the most possible
diagnosis? *Similar beading pattern seen in renal artery
with the same disease.
distal ICA & mid/dist renal arteries
What is the most common location for FMD to occur?
Most commonly attects middle aged women. --> "string
of pearls"
There is a stenotic area proximal to this location
What is this image suggesting ?
There is complete obstruction in Prox ICA
What does the "Thumb" pattern in ICA determine?
The artery terminates at the middle cerebral and
ICA
anterior cerebral artery.
Carotid body tumor