NFDN 1002 Unit 6 & 8 Exam Questions
With Accurate Answers
Oropharyngeal/ Nasal Pharyngeal Suctioning - ANSWER Assess: S&S of upper
and lower airway obstruction
:S&S associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia (decrease Spo2, increase pulse
and BP, increase resps, anxiety, decrease concentration, lethargy,dizziness,
cyanosis)
:fluid status, lack of humidity, COPD, changes in LOC, decrease cough gagreflex
:examine sputum, encourage client to cough, semi-fowlers position, use pulse
oximeter, place towel on clients chest,
Suction kit: open with aseptic (clean) technique,don't let suction catheter touch
anything, place sterile basin on bedside and fill with 100 mL sterile normal saline
or water
: turn on device and set to 100-150 mm Hg for adults
Low-Flow vs High-Flow - ANSWER Low-flow Devices: eg. nasal cannulas, simple
face masks, and reservoir masks provide oxygen in concentrations that vary
with persons respiratory patterns
High-flow Devices: eg. venturi mask delivers oxygen rates above normal
inspiratory flow rate and maintain a fixed FiO2(fraction of inspired oxygen)
regardless of the clients inspiratory flow rate and breathing pattern
low-flow device used for oxygen delivery - ANSWER nasal cannula (check every
8 hrs) (1-6mL/min)
device used to administer oxygen, humidity, heated humidity - ANSWER oxygen
masks (make sure bags are always inflated)
Simple face mask - ANSWER short-term oxygen therapy
30-60% oxygen (5-10mL/min)
contraindicated for CO2 retaining clients because it can be worsened
Partial Re-breathing vs Non-Re-breathing Masks - ANSWER Partial: low-flow
with reservoir bag, 35-60% O2, 6-10mL/min
Non-breather: 60-100%O2, 6-10mL/min, oxygen flows into mask and reservoir
during inhalation; a valve on on-breather prevents expired air from flowing back
into bag.
, Breathing Exercises - ANSWER Pursed-Lip Breathing: deep inspiration and
prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse; client
must be sitting up.
Diaphragmatic Breathing: client relax intercostal and accessory respiratory
muscles while taking deep inspirations. Expand diaphragm during controlled
inspiration and place one hand flat below breast bone and above waist, and
other hand 2-3 cm below the first, lower hand moves outward on inhale.; client
begins in supine and gradually sitting up.
Principles of Body Mechanics - ANSWER -the wider the base of support, the
greater the stability
-the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability
-the equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as the line of gravity passes
through its base of support
-facing the direction of movement prevents abnormal twisting of the spine
-dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk of back
injury
-leverage, rolling, turning, or pivoting requires less work than lifting. When
friction is reduced between the object to be moved and the surface over which it
is moved, less force is required to move it.
-reducing the force of work reduces the risk of injury.
-maintaining good body mechanics reduces fatigue of the muscle groups
-alternating periods of rest and activity helps to reduce fatigue
Lifting Techniques - ANSWER 1. Tighten gluteal, abdominal, pelvic, and leg
muscles. Providing this balance and stability protects your back.
2. Bend at your knees. This helps to maintain your center of gravity and allows
the strong muscles of your legs to do the lifting.
3. Keep the persons weight as close to your body as possible. This places the
weight in the same plane as yours, close to your center of gravity, and helps with
balance.
4. Keep your trunk erect and knees bent, so that multiple muscle groups work
together in synchronization.
5. Avoid twisting. Twisting can overload your spine and lead to serious injury.
Preventing Lift Injuries - ANSWER -moving a client; if there is a lift team use it
-use client-handling equipment and devices
-encourage client to assist as much as possible
-keep back, neck, pelvis, and feet aligned. Avoid twisting.
-flex knees; keep feet wide apart
-position yourself close to client
-use arms and legs NOT back
-slide client towards yourself, using pull sheet or slide board
-person with heaviest load co-ordinates team effort by counting to 3.
-perform manual lifting as last resort and only if it does not involve lifting most or
all clients weight
With Accurate Answers
Oropharyngeal/ Nasal Pharyngeal Suctioning - ANSWER Assess: S&S of upper
and lower airway obstruction
:S&S associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia (decrease Spo2, increase pulse
and BP, increase resps, anxiety, decrease concentration, lethargy,dizziness,
cyanosis)
:fluid status, lack of humidity, COPD, changes in LOC, decrease cough gagreflex
:examine sputum, encourage client to cough, semi-fowlers position, use pulse
oximeter, place towel on clients chest,
Suction kit: open with aseptic (clean) technique,don't let suction catheter touch
anything, place sterile basin on bedside and fill with 100 mL sterile normal saline
or water
: turn on device and set to 100-150 mm Hg for adults
Low-Flow vs High-Flow - ANSWER Low-flow Devices: eg. nasal cannulas, simple
face masks, and reservoir masks provide oxygen in concentrations that vary
with persons respiratory patterns
High-flow Devices: eg. venturi mask delivers oxygen rates above normal
inspiratory flow rate and maintain a fixed FiO2(fraction of inspired oxygen)
regardless of the clients inspiratory flow rate and breathing pattern
low-flow device used for oxygen delivery - ANSWER nasal cannula (check every
8 hrs) (1-6mL/min)
device used to administer oxygen, humidity, heated humidity - ANSWER oxygen
masks (make sure bags are always inflated)
Simple face mask - ANSWER short-term oxygen therapy
30-60% oxygen (5-10mL/min)
contraindicated for CO2 retaining clients because it can be worsened
Partial Re-breathing vs Non-Re-breathing Masks - ANSWER Partial: low-flow
with reservoir bag, 35-60% O2, 6-10mL/min
Non-breather: 60-100%O2, 6-10mL/min, oxygen flows into mask and reservoir
during inhalation; a valve on on-breather prevents expired air from flowing back
into bag.
, Breathing Exercises - ANSWER Pursed-Lip Breathing: deep inspiration and
prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse; client
must be sitting up.
Diaphragmatic Breathing: client relax intercostal and accessory respiratory
muscles while taking deep inspirations. Expand diaphragm during controlled
inspiration and place one hand flat below breast bone and above waist, and
other hand 2-3 cm below the first, lower hand moves outward on inhale.; client
begins in supine and gradually sitting up.
Principles of Body Mechanics - ANSWER -the wider the base of support, the
greater the stability
-the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability
-the equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as the line of gravity passes
through its base of support
-facing the direction of movement prevents abnormal twisting of the spine
-dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk of back
injury
-leverage, rolling, turning, or pivoting requires less work than lifting. When
friction is reduced between the object to be moved and the surface over which it
is moved, less force is required to move it.
-reducing the force of work reduces the risk of injury.
-maintaining good body mechanics reduces fatigue of the muscle groups
-alternating periods of rest and activity helps to reduce fatigue
Lifting Techniques - ANSWER 1. Tighten gluteal, abdominal, pelvic, and leg
muscles. Providing this balance and stability protects your back.
2. Bend at your knees. This helps to maintain your center of gravity and allows
the strong muscles of your legs to do the lifting.
3. Keep the persons weight as close to your body as possible. This places the
weight in the same plane as yours, close to your center of gravity, and helps with
balance.
4. Keep your trunk erect and knees bent, so that multiple muscle groups work
together in synchronization.
5. Avoid twisting. Twisting can overload your spine and lead to serious injury.
Preventing Lift Injuries - ANSWER -moving a client; if there is a lift team use it
-use client-handling equipment and devices
-encourage client to assist as much as possible
-keep back, neck, pelvis, and feet aligned. Avoid twisting.
-flex knees; keep feet wide apart
-position yourself close to client
-use arms and legs NOT back
-slide client towards yourself, using pull sheet or slide board
-person with heaviest load co-ordinates team effort by counting to 3.
-perform manual lifting as last resort and only if it does not involve lifting most or
all clients weight
