CCRN 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL
VERIFIED 2026
# Term Definition
1 pericardium
fibrous sac surrounding heart; 10-30 cc of fluid; inner
layer called parietal layer
2 Cardiac skeleton
fibrous tissue; at base of heart and interventricular
septum; supports heart valves/rings (annuli)
3 trabeculae seperate atria from ventricles
4 Normal RA pressure 2-6 mmHg
5 Normal LA pressure 6-12 mmHg
6 thesbian veins
small veins in the heart that drain used blood into the
endocardium of the nearest chamber
7 active filling
creates 25-30% increase in volume/pressure at end
diastole
8 inflow for LA pulmonary veins
,CCRN 1
9 RV pressures 25/5 mmHg
10 LV pressures 120/5 mmHg
11 closing of AV valves
Contraction of papillary muscles/pressure equalization
12 First heart sound Sound of AV valves (M1 and T1)
13 aortic valve location b/t LV and aorta
14 pulmonary valve location b/t RV and pulmonary artery
15 semilunar valve type tricuspid
16 Second heart sound semilunar valves (A2+P2)
17 aortic root pressure coronary artery pressure
# Term Definition
18 Cardiac perfusion volume at rest 5% of blood at rest
19 CAPP (coronary artery) DBP -PAW[O]P; Normal = 60-80 mmHg
20 Determinants of MI O2 demand HR, Preload, Afterload, contractility
21 Determinants of MI O2 supply
Patent arteries, Diastolic pressure, diastolic time, O2
extraction (Hb, SaO2)
22 Left Main divides into... LAD and LCircumflex
, CCRN 1
23 LAD supplies
Anterior LV, Anterior 2/3 of septum, Apex of LV, Bundle
of His+Bundle branches
24 LCirc supplies
LA, SA Node (45% of hearts), AV node (10% of hearts),
Obtuse marginal branch -> Lateral LV, Post. LV
25 RCA supplies
RA, SA node (55%), Left post. hemibundle, AV node
(90%), Marginal branch -> (lateral RV, inf RV)
26 Factors that foster collateral flow anemia, hypoxxia, and arteriosclerosis
27 cardiac lymph drains to pretracheal node
28 Properties of cardiac cells
automaticity, excitability, conductivity, contractility
29 Phase 4
Resting membrane potential (-80 to -90 mV), maintained
by Na-K pump; When ATP low, potential hard to
maintain, irritability occurs
30 Phase 0
Rapid depolarization: Na and K trade places; If mV up to -
60 to -70 (threshold), depolarization occurs; "fast
channel = Na"
31 Threshold potential
The point (-60 yo -70 mV) at which depolarization of
the cardiac cells occur
# Term Definition
32 Class I antidysrhythmics
(ex. Lido, Procainomide) block sodium influx into the
cell
33 Phase 1
Brief, partial repolarization (but not below threshold);
Na+ channels close, but K+ keeps coming out. Cl- goes in
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL
VERIFIED 2026
# Term Definition
1 pericardium
fibrous sac surrounding heart; 10-30 cc of fluid; inner
layer called parietal layer
2 Cardiac skeleton
fibrous tissue; at base of heart and interventricular
septum; supports heart valves/rings (annuli)
3 trabeculae seperate atria from ventricles
4 Normal RA pressure 2-6 mmHg
5 Normal LA pressure 6-12 mmHg
6 thesbian veins
small veins in the heart that drain used blood into the
endocardium of the nearest chamber
7 active filling
creates 25-30% increase in volume/pressure at end
diastole
8 inflow for LA pulmonary veins
,CCRN 1
9 RV pressures 25/5 mmHg
10 LV pressures 120/5 mmHg
11 closing of AV valves
Contraction of papillary muscles/pressure equalization
12 First heart sound Sound of AV valves (M1 and T1)
13 aortic valve location b/t LV and aorta
14 pulmonary valve location b/t RV and pulmonary artery
15 semilunar valve type tricuspid
16 Second heart sound semilunar valves (A2+P2)
17 aortic root pressure coronary artery pressure
# Term Definition
18 Cardiac perfusion volume at rest 5% of blood at rest
19 CAPP (coronary artery) DBP -PAW[O]P; Normal = 60-80 mmHg
20 Determinants of MI O2 demand HR, Preload, Afterload, contractility
21 Determinants of MI O2 supply
Patent arteries, Diastolic pressure, diastolic time, O2
extraction (Hb, SaO2)
22 Left Main divides into... LAD and LCircumflex
, CCRN 1
23 LAD supplies
Anterior LV, Anterior 2/3 of septum, Apex of LV, Bundle
of His+Bundle branches
24 LCirc supplies
LA, SA Node (45% of hearts), AV node (10% of hearts),
Obtuse marginal branch -> Lateral LV, Post. LV
25 RCA supplies
RA, SA node (55%), Left post. hemibundle, AV node
(90%), Marginal branch -> (lateral RV, inf RV)
26 Factors that foster collateral flow anemia, hypoxxia, and arteriosclerosis
27 cardiac lymph drains to pretracheal node
28 Properties of cardiac cells
automaticity, excitability, conductivity, contractility
29 Phase 4
Resting membrane potential (-80 to -90 mV), maintained
by Na-K pump; When ATP low, potential hard to
maintain, irritability occurs
30 Phase 0
Rapid depolarization: Na and K trade places; If mV up to -
60 to -70 (threshold), depolarization occurs; "fast
channel = Na"
31 Threshold potential
The point (-60 yo -70 mV) at which depolarization of
the cardiac cells occur
# Term Definition
32 Class I antidysrhythmics
(ex. Lido, Procainomide) block sodium influx into the
cell
33 Phase 1
Brief, partial repolarization (but not below threshold);
Na+ channels close, but K+ keeps coming out. Cl- goes in
