CCRN REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL
VERIFIED 2026 A+
# Term Definition
1 s1, s3, s4 heard at: Apex (midclavicular, 5th intercostal space)
2 s2 heard at:
Base (r intersternal boarder, 2nd intercostal space)
3 s3 Associated with heart failure
4 s4
Associated with aortic stenosis, MI, ventricular
hypertrophy
5 Stenosis Valve open
6 Insufficiency Valve closed (regurg)
7 Mitral and Tricuspid closed Systole
8 Mitral and Tricuspid open Diastole
9 Pulmonic and Aortic open Systole
10 Pulmonic and Aortic closed Diastole
,CCRN REVIEW
11 Aortic/Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic and Pulmonary-open Mitral and Tricuspid-closed
12 Aortic/Pulmonic Insufficiency Aortic/Pulmonic-closed Mitral/Tricuspid-open
13 Mitral/Tricuspid Stenosis Mitral/Tricuspid-open Aortic/Pulmonic-closed
14 Mitral/Tricuspid Insufficiency Mitral/Tricuspid-closed Aortic/Pulmonic-open
15 Mitral valve stenosis Associated with Afib
16 STEMI
Postive Trops ST evelvation in 2 or more leads
Unrelenting chest pain
17 NSTEMI
Positive Trops ST depression or T wave inversion
Unrelenting chest pain
# Term Definition
18 Management of Acute Chest Pain
STAT ECG 325mg ASA Anticoag Antiplatelet Beta Blocker
NTG PCI (cath lab)
19 Angina
Postive trops Relief with NGT ST returns to normal
20 Reperfusion signs
Chest pain relief Normalized ST segement Elevated
trops/CK-MB VT/VF
21 Inferior Infarct ST elevation: II,III, aVF-up
22 I, aVL-down
Inferior Infarct Reciprocal changes:
23 Inferior Infarct Artery affected: RCA (65%)
, CCRN REVIEW
24 Inferior Infarct Cautions:
Related to 2nd degree type 1 HB Careful with beta
blockers and nitro
25 V1-V4-up
Antero/septal Infarct ST elevation:
26 II, III, aVF-down
Antero/septal Infarct Reciprocal
changes:
27 LAD/L main
Antero/septal Infarct Artery affected:
28 Antero/septal infarct Caution:
Related to 2nd degree type II HB or RBBB Systolic
murmur associated with ventricular septal defect
29 Lateral infarct ST elevation: I, aVL, V5-V6-up
30 V1-V2-down Tall R waves
Lateral infarct Reciprocal changes:
31 Lateral infarct Artery affected: RCA or L circumflex (10%)
32 V2R-V4R
Right ventricle infarct ST elevation:
# Term Definition
33 Proximal RCA Avoid preload reducers
Right Ventricle infarct Artery affected:
34 PCI time <12 of symptoms onset Door to balloon 90 mins
35 PCI Complications
Monitor for reocclusion Monitor for retroperineal
bleeding
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL
VERIFIED 2026 A+
# Term Definition
1 s1, s3, s4 heard at: Apex (midclavicular, 5th intercostal space)
2 s2 heard at:
Base (r intersternal boarder, 2nd intercostal space)
3 s3 Associated with heart failure
4 s4
Associated with aortic stenosis, MI, ventricular
hypertrophy
5 Stenosis Valve open
6 Insufficiency Valve closed (regurg)
7 Mitral and Tricuspid closed Systole
8 Mitral and Tricuspid open Diastole
9 Pulmonic and Aortic open Systole
10 Pulmonic and Aortic closed Diastole
,CCRN REVIEW
11 Aortic/Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic and Pulmonary-open Mitral and Tricuspid-closed
12 Aortic/Pulmonic Insufficiency Aortic/Pulmonic-closed Mitral/Tricuspid-open
13 Mitral/Tricuspid Stenosis Mitral/Tricuspid-open Aortic/Pulmonic-closed
14 Mitral/Tricuspid Insufficiency Mitral/Tricuspid-closed Aortic/Pulmonic-open
15 Mitral valve stenosis Associated with Afib
16 STEMI
Postive Trops ST evelvation in 2 or more leads
Unrelenting chest pain
17 NSTEMI
Positive Trops ST depression or T wave inversion
Unrelenting chest pain
# Term Definition
18 Management of Acute Chest Pain
STAT ECG 325mg ASA Anticoag Antiplatelet Beta Blocker
NTG PCI (cath lab)
19 Angina
Postive trops Relief with NGT ST returns to normal
20 Reperfusion signs
Chest pain relief Normalized ST segement Elevated
trops/CK-MB VT/VF
21 Inferior Infarct ST elevation: II,III, aVF-up
22 I, aVL-down
Inferior Infarct Reciprocal changes:
23 Inferior Infarct Artery affected: RCA (65%)
, CCRN REVIEW
24 Inferior Infarct Cautions:
Related to 2nd degree type 1 HB Careful with beta
blockers and nitro
25 V1-V4-up
Antero/septal Infarct ST elevation:
26 II, III, aVF-down
Antero/septal Infarct Reciprocal
changes:
27 LAD/L main
Antero/septal Infarct Artery affected:
28 Antero/septal infarct Caution:
Related to 2nd degree type II HB or RBBB Systolic
murmur associated with ventricular septal defect
29 Lateral infarct ST elevation: I, aVL, V5-V6-up
30 V1-V2-down Tall R waves
Lateral infarct Reciprocal changes:
31 Lateral infarct Artery affected: RCA or L circumflex (10%)
32 V2R-V4R
Right ventricle infarct ST elevation:
# Term Definition
33 Proximal RCA Avoid preload reducers
Right Ventricle infarct Artery affected:
34 PCI time <12 of symptoms onset Door to balloon 90 mins
35 PCI Complications
Monitor for reocclusion Monitor for retroperineal
bleeding
