CCRN REVIEW 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL
UPDATED 2026
CCRN
# Term Definition
1 ADH is formed in the ------------ Hypothalamic supraoptic nuclei
2 ADH is stored in the ------------- Posterior Pituitary
3 ADH release is stimulated by:
Increased Serum Osmolarity,
Anesthesia/Analgesics, Stress/Pain
4 S/S of SIADH: 1. 2. 3.
Increased Urine Osmolarity Decreased Serum Sodium
Decreased Serum Osmolarity
5 ADH works on the --------
Distal convoluted and collecting tubule of the kidney to
reabsorb water, thus concentrating urine.
6 Normal Serum Osmolarity ------
275-295 mOS/L Osmol = 2(NA) + BUN/5 +
GLU/20
7
Treatment for SIADH: 1.) --------- 1.) Fluid Restriction 2.) 3% NaCl (increase Na) 3.)
2.) -------- 3.) -------- Lithium/Phenytoin (inhibits ADH)
8 Causes of SIADH:
Cancer and Chemotherapy (Oat Cell Carcinoma,
Prostatic, Pancreatic) Viral PNA Brain problems
,CCRN REVIEW 2
9 ADH = Vasopressin = Pitressin
Observe for ST
depression/angina or abdominal
cramps (mesenteric ischemia) with the
administration of:
10
DI results from: 1.) ------------- 2.) --------- 1.) Head Trauma 2.) Dilantin 3.)
--- 3.) ------------ Hypophysectomy
11 - decreased levels of ADH
Diabetes Insipidus is caused by
------------
12
Complications of DI include: 1.) 1.) Dehyrdation / Hypernatremia 2.)
---------- 2.) ---------- Hypovolemic Shock
13 S/S of DI: 1.) --------- 2.) --------- 3.) -------
1.) Decreased SpGr 1.000-1.005 2.) Increased
-- 4.) ---------
Serum Osmolarity 3.) Increased Serum Sodium 4.)
Increased UOP
# Term Definition
14 1.) Decreased 2.) Kussmaul Respirations
An ABG of a DKA patient shows
CO2 levels are ------- due to ----------------
- stimulated by the state of acidosis.
15 potassium (a good sign in DKA)
Acidosis with DKA causes a shift of
cellular ------- into the serum.
16 5 Risk Factors for HHNK:
1.) Elderly 2.) Diet-controlled diabetics 3.) Steroid usage
4.) TPN usage 5.) Pancreatitis
17 S/S of HHNK:
Severe Dehydration (brain) Shallow Respirations
Increased NA, GLU, BUN resulting in a hyperosmolar
state.
18 Propanolol (Inderal) --Beta-blocker
This drug can mask the CVS signs of
hypoglycemia: -----------
,CCRN REVIEW 2
19 shallow deep, rapid (Kussmaul Respiration)
HHNK causes ______ respirations DKA
causes ____ and _____ respirations.
20 - into the cell.
Hypotonic Solutions push fluid
________
21 - out of the cell and into the intravascular space
Hypertonic Solutions push fluid
_________
22 1.) 0.23-0.45 NS 2.) D5 1/4 NS 3.) D2.5W 4.) D5W
Hypotonic Solutions: 1.) ______ 2.)
______ 3.) ______ 4.) ______
23 1.) NS 2.) LR
Isotonic Solutions: 1.) _____ 2.) _____
24 1.) D5NS 2.) D51/2NS 3.) D5LR
Hypertonic Solutions: 1.) ________
2.) ________ 3.) ________
25 The somogyi effect is : ______
- rebound hyperglycemia d/t stress hormone release in
response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
# Term Definition
26 - Epinephrine
Symptoms associated with a rapid
decline in blood sugar are due to
release of _______.
27 - D51/2NS - cerebral edema
When the GLU falls below 250 in the
DKA PT switch fluids from NS to______
to prevent ______ _____.
28 Temperature controlled by ______ - Hypothalamus
29 Normal ICP 0-10
, CCRN REVIEW 2
30 Mildly Elevated ICP 10-15
31 Moderately Elevated ICP 15-20
32 Ways to decrease ICP: 1.) _______
2.) _______ 3.) _______ 1.) HOB 15-30 2.) Mannitol 3.) Hyperventilate to
maintain CO 25-30...causes alkalosis/vasoconstriction
33 CSF is formed in the _________ - choroid plexus
34 CSF is reabsorbed in the _______ - aracnoid villi
35 -Hypotonic
______ solutions are contraindicated in
PTs with increased ICP.
36 serum glucose
The primary cause of HHNK is related to
a markedly elevated ______ _______.
37 Epidural bleed is caused by a:
skull fracture affected the meningeal artery. Look for an
UNCAL herniation(change in pupil first).
38 Venous head bleed Subdural Hematoma
39 Arterial head bleed Epidural Hematoma
# Term Definition
40 17
_____ percent of the population has
unequal pupil size (*1mm) without the
presence of pathology.
AND ANSWERS ALL
UPDATED 2026
CCRN
# Term Definition
1 ADH is formed in the ------------ Hypothalamic supraoptic nuclei
2 ADH is stored in the ------------- Posterior Pituitary
3 ADH release is stimulated by:
Increased Serum Osmolarity,
Anesthesia/Analgesics, Stress/Pain
4 S/S of SIADH: 1. 2. 3.
Increased Urine Osmolarity Decreased Serum Sodium
Decreased Serum Osmolarity
5 ADH works on the --------
Distal convoluted and collecting tubule of the kidney to
reabsorb water, thus concentrating urine.
6 Normal Serum Osmolarity ------
275-295 mOS/L Osmol = 2(NA) + BUN/5 +
GLU/20
7
Treatment for SIADH: 1.) --------- 1.) Fluid Restriction 2.) 3% NaCl (increase Na) 3.)
2.) -------- 3.) -------- Lithium/Phenytoin (inhibits ADH)
8 Causes of SIADH:
Cancer and Chemotherapy (Oat Cell Carcinoma,
Prostatic, Pancreatic) Viral PNA Brain problems
,CCRN REVIEW 2
9 ADH = Vasopressin = Pitressin
Observe for ST
depression/angina or abdominal
cramps (mesenteric ischemia) with the
administration of:
10
DI results from: 1.) ------------- 2.) --------- 1.) Head Trauma 2.) Dilantin 3.)
--- 3.) ------------ Hypophysectomy
11 - decreased levels of ADH
Diabetes Insipidus is caused by
------------
12
Complications of DI include: 1.) 1.) Dehyrdation / Hypernatremia 2.)
---------- 2.) ---------- Hypovolemic Shock
13 S/S of DI: 1.) --------- 2.) --------- 3.) -------
1.) Decreased SpGr 1.000-1.005 2.) Increased
-- 4.) ---------
Serum Osmolarity 3.) Increased Serum Sodium 4.)
Increased UOP
# Term Definition
14 1.) Decreased 2.) Kussmaul Respirations
An ABG of a DKA patient shows
CO2 levels are ------- due to ----------------
- stimulated by the state of acidosis.
15 potassium (a good sign in DKA)
Acidosis with DKA causes a shift of
cellular ------- into the serum.
16 5 Risk Factors for HHNK:
1.) Elderly 2.) Diet-controlled diabetics 3.) Steroid usage
4.) TPN usage 5.) Pancreatitis
17 S/S of HHNK:
Severe Dehydration (brain) Shallow Respirations
Increased NA, GLU, BUN resulting in a hyperosmolar
state.
18 Propanolol (Inderal) --Beta-blocker
This drug can mask the CVS signs of
hypoglycemia: -----------
,CCRN REVIEW 2
19 shallow deep, rapid (Kussmaul Respiration)
HHNK causes ______ respirations DKA
causes ____ and _____ respirations.
20 - into the cell.
Hypotonic Solutions push fluid
________
21 - out of the cell and into the intravascular space
Hypertonic Solutions push fluid
_________
22 1.) 0.23-0.45 NS 2.) D5 1/4 NS 3.) D2.5W 4.) D5W
Hypotonic Solutions: 1.) ______ 2.)
______ 3.) ______ 4.) ______
23 1.) NS 2.) LR
Isotonic Solutions: 1.) _____ 2.) _____
24 1.) D5NS 2.) D51/2NS 3.) D5LR
Hypertonic Solutions: 1.) ________
2.) ________ 3.) ________
25 The somogyi effect is : ______
- rebound hyperglycemia d/t stress hormone release in
response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
# Term Definition
26 - Epinephrine
Symptoms associated with a rapid
decline in blood sugar are due to
release of _______.
27 - D51/2NS - cerebral edema
When the GLU falls below 250 in the
DKA PT switch fluids from NS to______
to prevent ______ _____.
28 Temperature controlled by ______ - Hypothalamus
29 Normal ICP 0-10
, CCRN REVIEW 2
30 Mildly Elevated ICP 10-15
31 Moderately Elevated ICP 15-20
32 Ways to decrease ICP: 1.) _______
2.) _______ 3.) _______ 1.) HOB 15-30 2.) Mannitol 3.) Hyperventilate to
maintain CO 25-30...causes alkalosis/vasoconstriction
33 CSF is formed in the _________ - choroid plexus
34 CSF is reabsorbed in the _______ - aracnoid villi
35 -Hypotonic
______ solutions are contraindicated in
PTs with increased ICP.
36 serum glucose
The primary cause of HHNK is related to
a markedly elevated ______ _______.
37 Epidural bleed is caused by a:
skull fracture affected the meningeal artery. Look for an
UNCAL herniation(change in pupil first).
38 Venous head bleed Subdural Hematoma
39 Arterial head bleed Epidural Hematoma
# Term Definition
40 17
_____ percent of the population has
unequal pupil size (*1mm) without the
presence of pathology.
