BIOS251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026-2027
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER -All of the chemical reactions of the body
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy-storing (endergonic) synthesis reactions
•Requires energy input
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy-releasing (exergonic) decomposition reactions
•Breaks covalent bonds
•Produces smaller molecules
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the da
ughters) that are genetically identical to itself.
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER -
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of t
he parent cell
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER --
Both involved in cell division resulting in new cells.
-mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and the nucleus divides once.
-
Meiosis produces cells that have ½ the number of chromosomes from each parent cell and the nucleus
divides twice.
crossing over - CORRECT ANSWER --The sharing of genetic material between two non-
sister chromatids in a homologous pair.
-occurs during prophase I of meiosis before tetrads are aligned along the equator in metaphase I.
-occurs when chromosomal homologs exchange information during metaphase of Meiosis I
, Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -Controls cell because it contains DNA, the genetic code--
instructions for making proteins, which in turn determine cell structure and function
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER --Network of connecting sacs and canals
-Carry substances through fluid cytoplasm
-Two types: rough and smooth
Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER -
collects, folds, and transports proteins made by ribosomes, has ribosomes on it
Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER -synthesizes chemicals, produces lipids that makes up new membrane
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER --Powerhouse of the cell
-ATP is created in mitochondria
-Involved with energy-releasing chemical reactions
-Contains one DNA molecule
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER --Contains digestive enzymes that digest and break down things
-Formerly thought to be responsible for apoptosis(programmed cell death)
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER --helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules
-Called the chemical processing and packaging center
-Collect chemicals into vesicles that move from the smooth ER outward to plasma membrane
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -Makes proteins
-May attaches to rough ER or lie free in cytoplasm
-Made of two subunits of mostly ribosomal RNA
-Manufacture enzymes and other protein compounds
-Often called protein factories.
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026-2027
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER -All of the chemical reactions of the body
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy-storing (endergonic) synthesis reactions
•Requires energy input
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy-releasing (exergonic) decomposition reactions
•Breaks covalent bonds
•Produces smaller molecules
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the da
ughters) that are genetically identical to itself.
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER -
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of t
he parent cell
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER --
Both involved in cell division resulting in new cells.
-mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and the nucleus divides once.
-
Meiosis produces cells that have ½ the number of chromosomes from each parent cell and the nucleus
divides twice.
crossing over - CORRECT ANSWER --The sharing of genetic material between two non-
sister chromatids in a homologous pair.
-occurs during prophase I of meiosis before tetrads are aligned along the equator in metaphase I.
-occurs when chromosomal homologs exchange information during metaphase of Meiosis I
, Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -Controls cell because it contains DNA, the genetic code--
instructions for making proteins, which in turn determine cell structure and function
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER --Network of connecting sacs and canals
-Carry substances through fluid cytoplasm
-Two types: rough and smooth
Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER -
collects, folds, and transports proteins made by ribosomes, has ribosomes on it
Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER -synthesizes chemicals, produces lipids that makes up new membrane
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER --Powerhouse of the cell
-ATP is created in mitochondria
-Involved with energy-releasing chemical reactions
-Contains one DNA molecule
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER --Contains digestive enzymes that digest and break down things
-Formerly thought to be responsible for apoptosis(programmed cell death)
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER --helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules
-Called the chemical processing and packaging center
-Collect chemicals into vesicles that move from the smooth ER outward to plasma membrane
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER -Makes proteins
-May attaches to rough ER or lie free in cytoplasm
-Made of two subunits of mostly ribosomal RNA
-Manufacture enzymes and other protein compounds
-Often called protein factories.
