ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS 2026|2027

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS 2026|2027 Abdominal Cavity - answer-The largest hallow body cavity in humans and many animals, and holds the bulk of the viscera. It is located below (inferior to) the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. Abdominopelvic Cavity - answer-Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera. Anatomical Position - answer-A standard reference position used for describing location and directions on the human body. Anatomy - answer-Science that studies the form and composition of the the body's structures. Anterior Cavity - answer-Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities of the lungs, pericardial cavity of the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity. Atom - answer-The basic unit that makes up all matter. Body Plane - answer-An imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections.Caudal - answer-Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also refer to as inferior Cell - answer-Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, it contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles Control Center - answer-Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector Coronal Section - answer-Divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions; also referred to as frontal portion Cranial - answer-Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior Cranial Cavity - answer-Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain Cross Section - answer-In anatomy, a transverse cut through a structure or tissue. Deep - answer-Describes a position farther from the surface of the body Development - answer-Changes an organism goes through during its life Diaphragm - answer-The muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdomen and is the main muscle of respiration.Differentiation - answer-Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function Distal - answer-Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body Dorsal Body Cavity - answer-Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and the spinal cord; also referred to as posterior body cavity Effector - answer-Organ that can cause a change in value - an organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve impulses Excretion - answer-The process whereby the undigested residue of food and the waste products of metabolism are eliminated, material is removed to regulate the composition of body fluids and tissues, or substances are expelled to perform functions on an exterior surface. Frontal Plane - answer-Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions Gross Anatomy - answer-Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided (naked) eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy Growth - answer-Process in increasing in size Homeostasis - answer-Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain - comes from two Greek words homeo, meaning 'similar' and stasis, meaning 'stable'.Homeostatic Imbalance - answer-Occurs when the human body's internal environmental variables become disturbed. Inferior - answer-Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper, near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal Lateral - answer-Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body Medial - answer-Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body Mediastinum - answer-A division of the thoracic cavity; it contains the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus and trachea, and other structures. - word from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway