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longitudinal study design - ANSWER ✔✔following individuals over a
long period of time with multiple assessment points
cross-sectional study - ANSWER ✔✔comparing different age groups
at the same time
naturalistic observation - ANSWER ✔✔research method in which one
observes a subject outside of a research setting
case study - ANSWER ✔✔research method involving a direct
observation of a patient; interviewing in great detail
,study/interview - ANSWER ✔✔research method in which surveys
administered anonymously or asked in and interview format in-person
correlational research - ANSWER ✔✔research method of seeing how
two variables relate; looking at strength and direction of relationship
experiments - ANSWER ✔✔research method in which you tightly
control the variables, setting, and participants which manipulating one
factor believed to have influence.
Hawthorne effect - ANSWER ✔✔A change in a subject's behavior
caused simply by the awareness of being studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? -
ANSWER ✔✔- naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests - ANSWER ✔✔ultrasound,
amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling (CVA)
,ultrasound - ANSWER ✔✔prenatal diagnostic technique that uses
high frequency sounds to create an image of the baby
amniocentesis - ANSWER ✔✔Prenatal diagnostic technique involving
needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for
analysis; looks for chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - ANSWER ✔✔Prenatal diagnostic
technique in which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is
removed for analysis to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in
the fetus.
what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? -
ANSWER ✔✔passive, evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction - ANSWER ✔✔parents
provide genetic disposition and nurturing context to foster certain
qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction - ANSWER ✔✔parents
provide genetic predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in
others that will influence their development
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, active genotype-environment interaction - ANSWER ✔✔parents
provide genetic predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out
environmental conditions that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development - ANSWER ✔✔germinal,
embryonic, and fetal
germinal period - ANSWER ✔✔week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period - ANSWER ✔✔week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period - ANSWER ✔✔month 2-9
major growth and development
teratogens - ANSWER ✔✔agents that interfere with natural growth
and produce a birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? - ANSWER
✔✔- gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility