BIO D 210 Genetics Portage learning
Final Exam Updated 2026/2027 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Correct answer-1. DNA Replication: makes
DNA copies that are passed down
2. Transcription: produces RNA copy of a gene
3. Translation: produces a polypeptide using the information in mRNA
Polypeptide can then become part of a functional protein that contributes to an
organisms traits
Life Cycle of the Cell - Correct answer-G1-G0-G1-S-G2-Mitosis
G1 - Correct answer-Interphase growth period within the cell
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,G0 - Correct answer-Interphase rest period
S - Correct answer-Interphase period of DNA replication, contents of
chromosomes double
G2 - Correct answer-Second phase of interphase growth
Molecular Structure of DNA - Correct answer-DNA, also called Deoxyribose
nucleic acid, is an anti-parallel double helix composed of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar group, and a
nitrogen base (A,G,C,T)
Nucleotides are attached together to form two long strands that spiral to create a
structure called a double helix. If you think of the double helix structure as a
ladder, the phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, held together by
phosphodiester bonds, while the bases would be the rungs. The bases on one strand
pair with the bases on another strand: A pairs with T, and G pairs with C, forming
the DNA molecule.
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,A and T are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds while G and C are held together by
3
Molecular Structure of RNA - Correct answer-The structure of RNA is made up of
three components, one of which is a five-carbon sugar called ribose sugar. One of
the carbons of the ribose sugar is attached to a nitrogenous base, which is A,G,C,
or U. Another of the carbons of the ribose sugar is attached to the phosphate group.
Yet another carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group.
What makes RNA different from DNA is that it uses Uracil instead of Thymine and
it has an OH group on the 2' carbon instead of the plain H that DNA has.
Deoxyribose sugar of DNA compared to Ribose sugar of RNA - Correct answer-
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/iGen3_02-07_Figure-L.jpg
Mitosis - Correct answer-The devision of a mother and daughter cell into
genetically identical cells. Prophase-Prometaphase-Metaphase-Anaphase-
Telophase
Prophase - Correct answer-Chromosomes are condensed
Prometaphase - Correct answer-Nuclear envelope dissolves
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, Meselson and Stahl - Correct answer-Meselson and Stahl's experiment tested
which model of DNA, i.e., the conservative, semi-conservative, and dispersive
models, was correct.
They grew Ecoli in N^15. They then took the N^15 and put it into N^14 medium
and allowed DNA replication to take place. They took samples, spliced them, spun
them in a centrifuge, and viewed which layers emerged because N^15 was heavier
than N^14. They saw that there wasn't just a band for N^15 and N^14, but a half
dark, half light band. This threw the conservative model out. After the second
generation went by there was an equal distribution of half light and half dark
bands.
The Semi-Conservative model of DNA was supported by this.
Conservative Model - Correct answer-Every time a new molecule of DNA is
produced it is completely brand new (brand new molecule)
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Final Exam Updated 2026/2027 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Correct answer-1. DNA Replication: makes
DNA copies that are passed down
2. Transcription: produces RNA copy of a gene
3. Translation: produces a polypeptide using the information in mRNA
Polypeptide can then become part of a functional protein that contributes to an
organisms traits
Life Cycle of the Cell - Correct answer-G1-G0-G1-S-G2-Mitosis
G1 - Correct answer-Interphase growth period within the cell
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,G0 - Correct answer-Interphase rest period
S - Correct answer-Interphase period of DNA replication, contents of
chromosomes double
G2 - Correct answer-Second phase of interphase growth
Molecular Structure of DNA - Correct answer-DNA, also called Deoxyribose
nucleic acid, is an anti-parallel double helix composed of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar group, and a
nitrogen base (A,G,C,T)
Nucleotides are attached together to form two long strands that spiral to create a
structure called a double helix. If you think of the double helix structure as a
ladder, the phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, held together by
phosphodiester bonds, while the bases would be the rungs. The bases on one strand
pair with the bases on another strand: A pairs with T, and G pairs with C, forming
the DNA molecule.
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,A and T are held together by 2 hydrogen bonds while G and C are held together by
3
Molecular Structure of RNA - Correct answer-The structure of RNA is made up of
three components, one of which is a five-carbon sugar called ribose sugar. One of
the carbons of the ribose sugar is attached to a nitrogenous base, which is A,G,C,
or U. Another of the carbons of the ribose sugar is attached to the phosphate group.
Yet another carbon is attached to a hydroxyl group.
What makes RNA different from DNA is that it uses Uracil instead of Thymine and
it has an OH group on the 2' carbon instead of the plain H that DNA has.
Deoxyribose sugar of DNA compared to Ribose sugar of RNA - Correct answer-
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/iGen3_02-07_Figure-L.jpg
Mitosis - Correct answer-The devision of a mother and daughter cell into
genetically identical cells. Prophase-Prometaphase-Metaphase-Anaphase-
Telophase
Prophase - Correct answer-Chromosomes are condensed
Prometaphase - Correct answer-Nuclear envelope dissolves
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Meselson and Stahl - Correct answer-Meselson and Stahl's experiment tested
which model of DNA, i.e., the conservative, semi-conservative, and dispersive
models, was correct.
They grew Ecoli in N^15. They then took the N^15 and put it into N^14 medium
and allowed DNA replication to take place. They took samples, spliced them, spun
them in a centrifuge, and viewed which layers emerged because N^15 was heavier
than N^14. They saw that there wasn't just a band for N^15 and N^14, but a half
dark, half light band. This threw the conservative model out. After the second
generation went by there was an equal distribution of half light and half dark
bands.
The Semi-Conservative model of DNA was supported by this.
Conservative Model - Correct answer-Every time a new molecule of DNA is
produced it is completely brand new (brand new molecule)
©COPYRIGHT 2025,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
