SOCIOLOGY 101 - FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS & ELABORATED
PASSED ANSWERS
Ethnocentrism refers to? - Correct Answer ✔✔ the tendency to use one's own culture as
a standard against which to judge other people's culture.
____ is defined as an assessment of the logical & empirical adequacy of a non-fiction
statement? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Critical Reasoning.
Mechanical solidarity? - Correct Answer ✔✔ (1.) is Émile Durkheim's term for solidarity
based on likeness.
(2.) was most commonly found in small villages & towns in pre-industrial society.
(3.) cannot be sustained in large urban areas where people are mostly strangers to one
another.
Émile Durkheim defines ____ as the exterior force that creates a sense of membership
& belonging? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Integration.
According to Karl Marx, a society's culture, institutions, political arrangements, & social
structures are its ____? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Superstructure.
Max Weber describes formal rationality as? - Correct Answer ✔✔ (1.) the search for the
optimal means to a given end.
(2.) a way of making decisions based solely on economic costs versus benefits.
(3.) a product of the industrial revolution that had negative implications for society.
(4.) a way of making decisions that was disconnected from a concern for the well being
of the larger community.
Sociology makes claims that are ____. These types of claims identity only those forces
with a high likelihood, but not a certainty, of influencing human action? - Correct Answer
✔✔ Probabilistic.
In sociological research, theories contain concepts. These are ______________? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ terms that identify phenomena of interest.
Is a hypothesis best defined as an educated guess? - Correct Answer ✔✔ No, it is not
an educated guess.
A ____ is defined as a set of statements or prepositions that seeks to explain or predict
some aspect of social life?
, In Émile Durkheim's study of suicide, his ____ is that social structure exists in order to
overcome human nature through appropriate levels of integration & regulation, making
social organization possible? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Theory.
____ research operates from the ideological position that questions about human
behavior can only be answered through systematic observations in the real world. -
Correct Answer ✔✔ Empirical.
Falsifiability ____________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔ refers to the ability of a
theory or claim to be disproved by an experiment or observation.
In the reading from Invitation to Sociology, Peter Berger notes that what differentiates
sociologists from other professional "Peeping Toms" is that sociologists
______________________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔ will ask different questions
than the ones that propelled their fellow trespassers.
____ is defined as the belief that other people & their ways of doing things can be
understood only in terms of the cultural context of those other people? - Correct Answer
✔✔ Cultural relativism.
In the reading from The Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills notes that "people
need both information and a quality of mind" that will help them productively use that
information. His term for that quality of mind is __________?
C. Wright Mills says that ____ allows us to see the impact of cultural & historical forces
on our private lives? - Correct Answer ✔✔ the sociological imagination.
We define society as _________________________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔
the totality of people & social relations in a given geographic space.
What is true of social institutions? - Correct Answer ✔✔ (1.) we define them as sets of
ideas & practices about the way a specific important social need ought to be addressed.
(2.) a common force driving their emergence is our efforts to resolve collective action
problems.
(3.) they reflect effective solutions to shared needs that get repeated & built upon,
becoming formalized over time.
In sociological research, testing a theory requires the development of indicators. These
are _________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔ measurable events or characteristics.
At its core, is sociology the study of structure? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Yes, that is what
sociology is.
The ____ paradigm argues that the structure of society is a source of inequality,
benefiting some groups at the expense of others? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Critical-Conflict.
REVIEW QUESTIONS & ELABORATED
PASSED ANSWERS
Ethnocentrism refers to? - Correct Answer ✔✔ the tendency to use one's own culture as
a standard against which to judge other people's culture.
____ is defined as an assessment of the logical & empirical adequacy of a non-fiction
statement? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Critical Reasoning.
Mechanical solidarity? - Correct Answer ✔✔ (1.) is Émile Durkheim's term for solidarity
based on likeness.
(2.) was most commonly found in small villages & towns in pre-industrial society.
(3.) cannot be sustained in large urban areas where people are mostly strangers to one
another.
Émile Durkheim defines ____ as the exterior force that creates a sense of membership
& belonging? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Integration.
According to Karl Marx, a society's culture, institutions, political arrangements, & social
structures are its ____? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Superstructure.
Max Weber describes formal rationality as? - Correct Answer ✔✔ (1.) the search for the
optimal means to a given end.
(2.) a way of making decisions based solely on economic costs versus benefits.
(3.) a product of the industrial revolution that had negative implications for society.
(4.) a way of making decisions that was disconnected from a concern for the well being
of the larger community.
Sociology makes claims that are ____. These types of claims identity only those forces
with a high likelihood, but not a certainty, of influencing human action? - Correct Answer
✔✔ Probabilistic.
In sociological research, theories contain concepts. These are ______________? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ terms that identify phenomena of interest.
Is a hypothesis best defined as an educated guess? - Correct Answer ✔✔ No, it is not
an educated guess.
A ____ is defined as a set of statements or prepositions that seeks to explain or predict
some aspect of social life?
, In Émile Durkheim's study of suicide, his ____ is that social structure exists in order to
overcome human nature through appropriate levels of integration & regulation, making
social organization possible? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Theory.
____ research operates from the ideological position that questions about human
behavior can only be answered through systematic observations in the real world. -
Correct Answer ✔✔ Empirical.
Falsifiability ____________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔ refers to the ability of a
theory or claim to be disproved by an experiment or observation.
In the reading from Invitation to Sociology, Peter Berger notes that what differentiates
sociologists from other professional "Peeping Toms" is that sociologists
______________________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔ will ask different questions
than the ones that propelled their fellow trespassers.
____ is defined as the belief that other people & their ways of doing things can be
understood only in terms of the cultural context of those other people? - Correct Answer
✔✔ Cultural relativism.
In the reading from The Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills notes that "people
need both information and a quality of mind" that will help them productively use that
information. His term for that quality of mind is __________?
C. Wright Mills says that ____ allows us to see the impact of cultural & historical forces
on our private lives? - Correct Answer ✔✔ the sociological imagination.
We define society as _________________________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔
the totality of people & social relations in a given geographic space.
What is true of social institutions? - Correct Answer ✔✔ (1.) we define them as sets of
ideas & practices about the way a specific important social need ought to be addressed.
(2.) a common force driving their emergence is our efforts to resolve collective action
problems.
(3.) they reflect effective solutions to shared needs that get repeated & built upon,
becoming formalized over time.
In sociological research, testing a theory requires the development of indicators. These
are _________________? - Correct Answer ✔✔ measurable events or characteristics.
At its core, is sociology the study of structure? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Yes, that is what
sociology is.
The ____ paradigm argues that the structure of society is a source of inequality,
benefiting some groups at the expense of others? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Critical-Conflict.
