SPEA V184 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Standards of Review.
Answer: The levels of deference the Court gives governments to craft
policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal
characteristics. These standards stem from the Court's need to
ensure that laws do not undermine the Fourteenth Amendment's
equal protection clause.
◉ Rational Basis.
Answer: In U.S. constitutional law, the lowest level of scrutiny
applied by courts deciding constitutional issues through judicial
review.
◉ Intermediate Scrutiny.
Answer: a test used by the Supreme Court in gender discrimination
cases that places the burden of proof partially on the government
and partially on the challengers to show that the law in question is
unconstitutional
◉ Strict Scrutiny.
, Answer: Supreme Court rule that classification by race and ethnic
background is inherently suspect and must be justified by a
"compelling public interest."
◉ Equal Protection.
Answer: the equal application of the law regardless of a person's
race, religion, political beliefs, or other qualities
◉ 14th Amendment.
Answer: Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and
are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
◉ Discrimination.
Answer: Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members
of a group.
◉ equality versus equity.
Answer: Equality has to do with giving everyone the exact same
resources, whereas equity involves distributing resources based on
the needs of the recipients.
◉ Affirmative Action.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Standards of Review.
Answer: The levels of deference the Court gives governments to craft
policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal
characteristics. These standards stem from the Court's need to
ensure that laws do not undermine the Fourteenth Amendment's
equal protection clause.
◉ Rational Basis.
Answer: In U.S. constitutional law, the lowest level of scrutiny
applied by courts deciding constitutional issues through judicial
review.
◉ Intermediate Scrutiny.
Answer: a test used by the Supreme Court in gender discrimination
cases that places the burden of proof partially on the government
and partially on the challengers to show that the law in question is
unconstitutional
◉ Strict Scrutiny.
, Answer: Supreme Court rule that classification by race and ethnic
background is inherently suspect and must be justified by a
"compelling public interest."
◉ Equal Protection.
Answer: the equal application of the law regardless of a person's
race, religion, political beliefs, or other qualities
◉ 14th Amendment.
Answer: Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and
are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
◉ Discrimination.
Answer: Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members
of a group.
◉ equality versus equity.
Answer: Equality has to do with giving everyone the exact same
resources, whereas equity involves distributing resources based on
the needs of the recipients.
◉ Affirmative Action.
