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What makes up the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER Sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER
Conserving energy and the body's resources
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER
Catecholamine release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing
to GI/Integumentary
What are the classifications of primary brain injury? - ANSWER Focal or diffuse
atypical pigmentation; red/white/grey/blue/black/brown; geriatric population -
ANSWER malignant melanoma
, prolonged horizontal growth or vertical, can spread to other organs - ANSWER
lentigo maligna melanoma
most common skin malignancy, malignant neoplasm of the basal cells of the
epidermis, lesions almost always occur on face; pearly, rolled, well-defined
margins, ulceration in center - ANSWER basal cell carcinoma
malignant neoplasm of keratocytes in the epidermis; scaling, crusting, plaque
appearance, can ulcerate and bleed - ANSWER squamous cell carcinoma
frequently encountered in patients with HIV infection; mouth and nose; vesicular
at first then dries/crusts up - ANSWER herpes simplex
before rash erupts patient will describe burning, tingling sensation on skin then
eruption of vesicular rash along dermatome; can come out along a spinal nerve or
cranial nerve (body or face) - ANSWER herpes zoster
less than 1 cm; filled with serous fluid; blister, herpes simplex - ANSWER vesicle
greater than 1 cm; filled with serous fluid; blister, vulgaris - ANSWER bullae
smaller than 1 cm; nevus, wart - ANSWER papule
would cause enlargement of submaxillary or submental - ANSWER dental abscess
1 or more enlargement of lymph node; post auricular and post cervical nodes
would be enlarged; viral or bacterial etiology - ANSWER lymphadenopathy
,MOA of opioids - ANSWER - bind to mu, kappa, and delta receptors
- decrease perception of pain
- increase pain tolerance
- cause CNS depression
pharmacokinetics of opioids - ANSWER absorption
- oral route: first pass mechanism
- IV route fastest
- TD long acting effects
lipid solubility
- highly lipid soluble drugs act quick (fent)
- less lipid soluble drugs slow (morphine)
metabolism
- in the liver
- through cytochrome p system
excretion
- kidneys
- caution with renal impairment
adverse effects and overdose management - ANSWER most serious
- resp depression
- coma
, - pinpoint pupils
common
- constipation
- N/V
- sedation
-orthostatic hypotension
- urinary retention
- itching
CNS effects
- euphoria
- dysphoria
hormonal
- decreased sex hormones
- reduced libido
overdose management
- nalaxone
- short half-life -> may require repeated dosing
- can precipitate w/d sxs
opioid contraindications - ANSWER respiratory diseqase
head injury 2/2 increased intracranial pressure