NSG 530 Exam 1 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating DNA in
Interphase
preparation for mitosis
Prophase first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
Metaphase
(chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
New nuclear membrane formed around each group of
Telophase 46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are
produced*
Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail
Nondisjunction
to separate.
condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromo-
Polyploidy
somes
when an organism has three copies of every chromsome
Triploidy
instead of two
euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not
Tetrapoloidy
survive
Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Huntington's disease
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Cystic fibrosis Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance-
thickened secretions, digestive issues, malnutrition. Males
and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Turner syndrome 1/6
, XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-attects fe-
males
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but fe-
male genitalia, usually sterile
Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Attects both sexes
Down syndrome
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge,
low set ears, protruding tongue, epicanthal fold
Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm of X)
Fragile X syndrome Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
(XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000 male births
Klinefelter syndrome Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual dis-
ability
Decrease in cell size
Atrophy "When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the
right calf"
Increase in cell size
Hypertrophy "Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at
the end of the season than at the beginning of the season"
Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of in-
Hyperplasia creased amounts of estrogen"
"Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged por-
tion"
Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another,
Metaplasia less mature cell type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is
2/6
cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating DNA in
Interphase
preparation for mitosis
Prophase first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
Metaphase
(chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
New nuclear membrane formed around each group of
Telophase 46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are
produced*
Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail
Nondisjunction
to separate.
condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromo-
Polyploidy
somes
when an organism has three copies of every chromsome
Triploidy
instead of two
euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not
Tetrapoloidy
survive
Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Huntington's disease
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Cystic fibrosis Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance-
thickened secretions, digestive issues, malnutrition. Males
and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Turner syndrome 1/6
, XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-attects fe-
males
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but fe-
male genitalia, usually sterile
Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Attects both sexes
Down syndrome
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge,
low set ears, protruding tongue, epicanthal fold
Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm of X)
Fragile X syndrome Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
(XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000 male births
Klinefelter syndrome Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual dis-
ability
Decrease in cell size
Atrophy "When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the
right calf"
Increase in cell size
Hypertrophy "Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at
the end of the season than at the beginning of the season"
Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of in-
Hyperplasia creased amounts of estrogen"
"Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged por-
tion"
Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another,
Metaplasia less mature cell type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is
2/6
