GCU BIO-201 Exam 2 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
What are the 5 layers of the skin?
Stratum granulosum
(From deep to superficial)
Stratum lucidum (only in palms and soles of feet)
Stratum Corneum
What causes osteoporosis? Deficiency of calcium
What hormone is released when CA levels are too high? Calcitonin (*Think "can tone it down")
What hormone(s) is released when CA levels are too low? Parathyroid & Calcitriol
Whats the ditterence between Appositional growth & Epi- Appositional grows in width
physeal growth? Epiphyseal grows in length
What do ligament do? Attach bone to bone
What do tendons do? Attach bone to muscle
What is bone formation called? Osteogenesis
What happens when growing stops? Epiphyseal plate ossifies
What is ossification? Hardening
The metatarsophalangeal joint is associated with what
Sesamoid bone (ex Patella)
small bone?
What part of bone do tendons & ligaments attach to? Periosteum
What vessels can be found in Haversian & Volkmann's
Artery, Vein, & Lymph
canals?
What does the matrix of spongy bone look like? Open network of trabeculae
What is 1/3 of Osseous tissue composed of? CA ions
What type of bone cell resides in endosteum? Osteoclasts
What are osteocytes? Most common cell in bone
Where are osteocytes held? In the Lacunae
What is the process when mesenchyme cells ditterentiate? Intramembranous ossification
1/5
, GCU BIO-201 Exam 2 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
How does the osteoid matrix ditter from bone? It doesn't have CA ions yet
Where is the primary center of ossification located? Diaphysis during development
What is not a function of skeletal muscles? Store lipids (Adipose cells do this)
Muscle cells are packed with which protein filaments? Myofibrils
Cytoplasm in animal cells is in a muscle
Sarcoplasm
cell.
Sarcomeres are found in all except? Smooth muscle (It is not striated like other muscles)
What elastic structure pulls myosin back to "normal"? Titin filaments
What fibrous joints are on the ends of the tibia & fibula? Syndesmoses
What type of joint sutures are mostly immovable? Fibrous
What is true about synovial joints? Separated by fluid-containing joint cavity
What is not true about synovial fluid? Reduces friction & contains phagocytic cells
What is not a type of synovial joint? Sealed joint
What type of joint is in costal cartilage of 1st rib &
Synchondroses
manubrium of sternum?
Reinforcing ligament
What structure of a synovial joint is a band-like ligament?
(ex Knee joint)
All influence the stability of synovial joints except? Bursae
What joint is multiaxial w/ a hemispherical head? Ball & socket
What synovial joint movement where 2 surfaces slide past
Gliding
each other?
Bursitis is caused by? Friction & Fall on knee
Arthroplasty is? Replacement of a diseased joint with prothesis
PCL prevents tibia from sliding in which direction? Backwards
ACL prevents tibia from sliding which direction? Forwards
2/5
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
What are the 5 layers of the skin?
Stratum granulosum
(From deep to superficial)
Stratum lucidum (only in palms and soles of feet)
Stratum Corneum
What causes osteoporosis? Deficiency of calcium
What hormone is released when CA levels are too high? Calcitonin (*Think "can tone it down")
What hormone(s) is released when CA levels are too low? Parathyroid & Calcitriol
Whats the ditterence between Appositional growth & Epi- Appositional grows in width
physeal growth? Epiphyseal grows in length
What do ligament do? Attach bone to bone
What do tendons do? Attach bone to muscle
What is bone formation called? Osteogenesis
What happens when growing stops? Epiphyseal plate ossifies
What is ossification? Hardening
The metatarsophalangeal joint is associated with what
Sesamoid bone (ex Patella)
small bone?
What part of bone do tendons & ligaments attach to? Periosteum
What vessels can be found in Haversian & Volkmann's
Artery, Vein, & Lymph
canals?
What does the matrix of spongy bone look like? Open network of trabeculae
What is 1/3 of Osseous tissue composed of? CA ions
What type of bone cell resides in endosteum? Osteoclasts
What are osteocytes? Most common cell in bone
Where are osteocytes held? In the Lacunae
What is the process when mesenchyme cells ditterentiate? Intramembranous ossification
1/5
, GCU BIO-201 Exam 2 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
How does the osteoid matrix ditter from bone? It doesn't have CA ions yet
Where is the primary center of ossification located? Diaphysis during development
What is not a function of skeletal muscles? Store lipids (Adipose cells do this)
Muscle cells are packed with which protein filaments? Myofibrils
Cytoplasm in animal cells is in a muscle
Sarcoplasm
cell.
Sarcomeres are found in all except? Smooth muscle (It is not striated like other muscles)
What elastic structure pulls myosin back to "normal"? Titin filaments
What fibrous joints are on the ends of the tibia & fibula? Syndesmoses
What type of joint sutures are mostly immovable? Fibrous
What is true about synovial joints? Separated by fluid-containing joint cavity
What is not true about synovial fluid? Reduces friction & contains phagocytic cells
What is not a type of synovial joint? Sealed joint
What type of joint is in costal cartilage of 1st rib &
Synchondroses
manubrium of sternum?
Reinforcing ligament
What structure of a synovial joint is a band-like ligament?
(ex Knee joint)
All influence the stability of synovial joints except? Bursae
What joint is multiaxial w/ a hemispherical head? Ball & socket
What synovial joint movement where 2 surfaces slide past
Gliding
each other?
Bursitis is caused by? Friction & Fall on knee
Arthroplasty is? Replacement of a diseased joint with prothesis
PCL prevents tibia from sliding in which direction? Backwards
ACL prevents tibia from sliding which direction? Forwards
2/5
