NUR 155 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!
Question: How are delirium, depression, and dementia clinically differentiated
from one another?
Answer: ✔✔ These psychological and neurological states are distinguished by the
following clinical characteristics:
Delirium: An acute, fluctuating, and typically reversible state of cognitive
confusion, commonly precipitated by an underlying acute medical illness,
infection, or drug toxicity.
Depression: An affective mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings
of sadness, dejection, and a profound sense of hopelessness that interferes
with daily functioning.
Dementia: A progressive, permanent, and irreversible decline in intellectual
and cognitive functioning, marked by structural brain changes.
Question: What is hemiparesis, and how does a unilateral brain injury manifest
physically?
Answer: ✔✔ Hemiparesis is defined as muscular weakness or partial paralysis
localized to one side of the body. Because of the decussation (crossing over) of
nerve fibers in the brainstem, neurological damage sustained in the right
hemisphere of the brain affects motor function on the left side of the body, and
vice versa.
Question: What are the major classifications of sensory deficits, along with
clinical examples of each?
Answer: ✔✔ Sensory impairments are categorized across the primary sensory
modalities:
Tactile (Touch): Alterations in physical sensation, such as peripheral
neuropathy (numbness or tingling commonly seen in extremities).
Olfactory (Smell): A diminished or completely absent sense of smell,
known as anosmia.
, Gustatory (Taste): A reduction in taste acuity, often caused by an age-
related loss of functional gustatory taste cells.
Auditory (Hearing): Hearing impairment divided into conductive loss
(sound blocking in the outer/middle ear), sensorineural loss (inner ear/nerve
damage), or presbycusis (progressive, age-related hearing loss).
Equilibrium (Balance): Disruption of spatial orientation and balance,
frequently manifesting as motion sickness or Ménière's disease.
Visual (Vision): Sight impairments including myopia (nearsightedness),
presbyopia (age-related loss of near focusing), cataracts (clouding of the
crystalline lens), glaucoma (optic nerve damage from elevated intraocular
pressure), diabetic retinopathy (microvascular retinal damage), and macular
degeneration (loss of central vision).
Question: What action must a clinician take during Range of Motion (ROM)
exercises if a patient reports discomfort or if structural resistance is encountered?
Answer: ✔✔ Range of motion exercises must be immediately discontinued. A
healthcare provider must never force, hyperextend, or flex a joint beyond its
natural resistance or the patient's absolute point of comfort.
Secondary source -ANSWER ✔✔Sources other than the patient
NIRR -ANSWER ✔✔Noticing, interpreting, responding and reflecting
Outlines of what we are allowed to do as nurses -ANSWER ✔✔Scope of Practice,
Nurse Practice Act, Standard of Practice
"Think with a purpose" (4 words) -ANSWER ✔✔Stop, think, ask and assess
Definition for Tanner's Model -ANSWER ✔✔dynamic process that accounts for
changes in the situation as they occur
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!
Question: How are delirium, depression, and dementia clinically differentiated
from one another?
Answer: ✔✔ These psychological and neurological states are distinguished by the
following clinical characteristics:
Delirium: An acute, fluctuating, and typically reversible state of cognitive
confusion, commonly precipitated by an underlying acute medical illness,
infection, or drug toxicity.
Depression: An affective mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings
of sadness, dejection, and a profound sense of hopelessness that interferes
with daily functioning.
Dementia: A progressive, permanent, and irreversible decline in intellectual
and cognitive functioning, marked by structural brain changes.
Question: What is hemiparesis, and how does a unilateral brain injury manifest
physically?
Answer: ✔✔ Hemiparesis is defined as muscular weakness or partial paralysis
localized to one side of the body. Because of the decussation (crossing over) of
nerve fibers in the brainstem, neurological damage sustained in the right
hemisphere of the brain affects motor function on the left side of the body, and
vice versa.
Question: What are the major classifications of sensory deficits, along with
clinical examples of each?
Answer: ✔✔ Sensory impairments are categorized across the primary sensory
modalities:
Tactile (Touch): Alterations in physical sensation, such as peripheral
neuropathy (numbness or tingling commonly seen in extremities).
Olfactory (Smell): A diminished or completely absent sense of smell,
known as anosmia.
, Gustatory (Taste): A reduction in taste acuity, often caused by an age-
related loss of functional gustatory taste cells.
Auditory (Hearing): Hearing impairment divided into conductive loss
(sound blocking in the outer/middle ear), sensorineural loss (inner ear/nerve
damage), or presbycusis (progressive, age-related hearing loss).
Equilibrium (Balance): Disruption of spatial orientation and balance,
frequently manifesting as motion sickness or Ménière's disease.
Visual (Vision): Sight impairments including myopia (nearsightedness),
presbyopia (age-related loss of near focusing), cataracts (clouding of the
crystalline lens), glaucoma (optic nerve damage from elevated intraocular
pressure), diabetic retinopathy (microvascular retinal damage), and macular
degeneration (loss of central vision).
Question: What action must a clinician take during Range of Motion (ROM)
exercises if a patient reports discomfort or if structural resistance is encountered?
Answer: ✔✔ Range of motion exercises must be immediately discontinued. A
healthcare provider must never force, hyperextend, or flex a joint beyond its
natural resistance or the patient's absolute point of comfort.
Secondary source -ANSWER ✔✔Sources other than the patient
NIRR -ANSWER ✔✔Noticing, interpreting, responding and reflecting
Outlines of what we are allowed to do as nurses -ANSWER ✔✔Scope of Practice,
Nurse Practice Act, Standard of Practice
"Think with a purpose" (4 words) -ANSWER ✔✔Stop, think, ask and assess
Definition for Tanner's Model -ANSWER ✔✔dynamic process that accounts for
changes in the situation as they occur
