Verified Exam Questions and Answers | Exam Questions with
Correct Answers | Fully Verified 2026 Edition
ANP 1111 Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology Final Exam Questions
with Correct Answers | Latest Update 100% Solved
Question:
What influences transfer to long-term memory?
Answer:
Emotional state (helped with NE) Rehearsal Association
Question:
How is long term memory consolidated into the brain?
Answer:
Information enters the hippocampus which sorts the memories with previous recorded one and
creates associations, and then sends them back to be stored as memory traces.
Question:
How does the repetition or use of mnemonic devices help with memory?
Answer:
Information is sent through the hippocampus over and over again, causing the hippocampus to
strengthen the associations between these bits of information.
Question:
How does skill memory work?
Answer:
It involves motor activity and involves communication between the basal nuclei and the
premotor cortex, as well as the release of dopamine by the substantia nigra. This results in
automatic connections between a stimulus and a motor response.
1
,Question:
Describe the mechanism of consolidation
Answer:
Neuronal RNA content is altered. - Dendritic spines change shape - extracellular proteins
deposited at synapses involved with LTM - number and size of presynaptic terminals increase -
More NT released by presynaptic neurons -New hippocampal neurons appear
Question:
What does an electroencephalogram measure?
Answer:
Record neural activity
Question:
What are the 4 types of brain waves and discuss them
Answer:
Alpha waves: Regular and rhythmic -> idling brain Beta waves: Rhythmic, higher frequency ->
alert brain Theta waves: irregular, rare in adults Delta waves: high amplitudes -> deep sleep, if in
an awake adult, sign of brain damage
Question:
what does amplitude in an EEG indicate?
Answer:
synchronous activity of many neurons
Question:
What are the 4 levels of consciousness?
Answer:
alertness, drowsiness, stupor, coma
Question:
Describe the stages of sleep
Answer:
REM: skeletal muscles are inhibited, dreaming occurs, higher BP and respiration rate NREM
stage 1: relaxation begins, alpha waves NREM stage 2: irregular EEG NREM stage 3: deep
sleep, theta and delta waves NREM stage 4: delta waves
2
,Question:
What is our biological clock?
Answer:
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Question:
How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus work?
Answer:
Inhibits the reticular activating system -> less stimulation to cortex. -When time to wake up
approaches, hypothalamic neurons release orexins that wake us up. -Cortisol is also released to
help us start a new day
Question:
Why is sleep important?
Answer:
Allows us to consolidate new memories - Discard memories that are no longer accessed
Question:
- Restore the brain (synapses tidied up)
Answer:
Question:
What is narcolepsy and what is its cause?
Answer:
Sudden lapsing into sleep Caused by a disease that causes the immune system to destroy orexins
Question:
What is insomnia and what causes it?
Answer:
Inability to obtain sufficient sleep. Caused by: anxiety, depression, overuse of caffeine, using
screens close to bed time
3
, Question:
What is sleep apnea and what causes it?
Answer:
temporary cessation of breathing during sleep Caused by: muscle relaxation and obstruction of
air pathway
Question:
What are the four subdivisions of the brain?
Answer:
cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
Question:
What is gray matter?
Answer:
short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies, some is organized into nuclei.
Question:
What is white matter?
Answer:
myelinated axons
Question:
How is gray and white matter organized in the spinal cord?
Answer:
Central cavity surround with gray matter in a butterfly shape, which is surround with white
matter
Question:
How is gray and white matter organized in the brain?
Answer:
Central cavity surrounded with gray matter. Some nuclei scattered. outside of cerebrum and
cerebellum is covered in gray matter. Rest is white matter.
4
Correct Answers | Fully Verified 2026 Edition
ANP 1111 Neuroanatomy & Neurophysiology Final Exam Questions
with Correct Answers | Latest Update 100% Solved
Question:
What influences transfer to long-term memory?
Answer:
Emotional state (helped with NE) Rehearsal Association
Question:
How is long term memory consolidated into the brain?
Answer:
Information enters the hippocampus which sorts the memories with previous recorded one and
creates associations, and then sends them back to be stored as memory traces.
Question:
How does the repetition or use of mnemonic devices help with memory?
Answer:
Information is sent through the hippocampus over and over again, causing the hippocampus to
strengthen the associations between these bits of information.
Question:
How does skill memory work?
Answer:
It involves motor activity and involves communication between the basal nuclei and the
premotor cortex, as well as the release of dopamine by the substantia nigra. This results in
automatic connections between a stimulus and a motor response.
1
,Question:
Describe the mechanism of consolidation
Answer:
Neuronal RNA content is altered. - Dendritic spines change shape - extracellular proteins
deposited at synapses involved with LTM - number and size of presynaptic terminals increase -
More NT released by presynaptic neurons -New hippocampal neurons appear
Question:
What does an electroencephalogram measure?
Answer:
Record neural activity
Question:
What are the 4 types of brain waves and discuss them
Answer:
Alpha waves: Regular and rhythmic -> idling brain Beta waves: Rhythmic, higher frequency ->
alert brain Theta waves: irregular, rare in adults Delta waves: high amplitudes -> deep sleep, if in
an awake adult, sign of brain damage
Question:
what does amplitude in an EEG indicate?
Answer:
synchronous activity of many neurons
Question:
What are the 4 levels of consciousness?
Answer:
alertness, drowsiness, stupor, coma
Question:
Describe the stages of sleep
Answer:
REM: skeletal muscles are inhibited, dreaming occurs, higher BP and respiration rate NREM
stage 1: relaxation begins, alpha waves NREM stage 2: irregular EEG NREM stage 3: deep
sleep, theta and delta waves NREM stage 4: delta waves
2
,Question:
What is our biological clock?
Answer:
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Question:
How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus work?
Answer:
Inhibits the reticular activating system -> less stimulation to cortex. -When time to wake up
approaches, hypothalamic neurons release orexins that wake us up. -Cortisol is also released to
help us start a new day
Question:
Why is sleep important?
Answer:
Allows us to consolidate new memories - Discard memories that are no longer accessed
Question:
- Restore the brain (synapses tidied up)
Answer:
Question:
What is narcolepsy and what is its cause?
Answer:
Sudden lapsing into sleep Caused by a disease that causes the immune system to destroy orexins
Question:
What is insomnia and what causes it?
Answer:
Inability to obtain sufficient sleep. Caused by: anxiety, depression, overuse of caffeine, using
screens close to bed time
3
, Question:
What is sleep apnea and what causes it?
Answer:
temporary cessation of breathing during sleep Caused by: muscle relaxation and obstruction of
air pathway
Question:
What are the four subdivisions of the brain?
Answer:
cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
Question:
What is gray matter?
Answer:
short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies, some is organized into nuclei.
Question:
What is white matter?
Answer:
myelinated axons
Question:
How is gray and white matter organized in the spinal cord?
Answer:
Central cavity surround with gray matter in a butterfly shape, which is surround with white
matter
Question:
How is gray and white matter organized in the brain?
Answer:
Central cavity surrounded with gray matter. Some nuclei scattered. outside of cerebrum and
cerebellum is covered in gray matter. Rest is white matter.
4
