BIO 201 Lecture Exam | Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions
| Latest 2026 Update
Q: How are anatomy and physiology related?
Answer:
Anatomy is the study of the internal and external parts
of the body.
Physiology is how living organisms perform their vital functions.
Q: List and describe the specialties of anatomy.
Answer:
Gross anatomy/macroscopic anatomy examines large,
visible structures:
-surface anatomy: exterior feat.
-regional anatomy: body areas
Systematic anatomy: groups of organs working together (skeletal system)
-Developmental anatomy:from egg to maturity
-clinical anatomy: medical specialties(surgical anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy examines cells and molecules:
-cytology: cells and their structures
-histology: tissues and their structures
Q: List and describe the specialties of physiology
Answer:
-Cell physiology: processes within and between cells
-Organ physiology: functions of specific
-Systemic physiology: functions of an organ system
-Pathological physiology: effects of diseases
Q: Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how
they're related.
Answer:
Chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism.
,Q: Define metabolism.
Answer:
the chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues of the body
Q: Compare and contrast catabolism with anabolism. Use examples to help understand the
differences.
Answer:
Catabolism: tearing down; decomposition of complex molecules within the body's cells or
tissues(breaking down glucose)
Anabolism: building up; synthesis of new molecules within the body's cells or tissues
Q: Define homeostasis and explain its importance
Answer:
is the property of a system in which variables are
regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.
Q: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Use examples to help understand the
difference
Answer:
Intrinsic regulation: autoregulation
-levels decrease at a tissue
Extrinsic regulation: more distant regulation
-during exercise
Q: List and describe the three control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis
Answer:
Receptor (sensor)
-respond to changes in the environment
-sends info to control center
Control Center (intergrator)
-determines set point
-analyzes info
-determines appropriate response
Effector
-provides a means for response to the stimulus
,Q: Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Use examples to help explain each.
Answer:
Negative feedback:
-includes homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity once balance in the body is reached
Positive feedback:
-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
-in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Q: Describe a person in anatomical position
Answer:
hands at sides
palms facing forward
feet together
on back
Q: Define Anterior
Answer:
the front side
Q: Define posterior
Answer:
the back side
Q: Define lateral
Answer:
farther away from body
Q: Define medial
Answer:
close to body
Q: Define proximal
Answer:
closer to body-in terms of arm would be shoulder
Q: Define distal
Answer:
farther from body-in terms of arm would be fingers
, Q: Define superficial
Answer:
toward or at the body surface
Q: Define deep
Answer:
away from the body surface
Q: Define intermediate
Answer:
In between
Q: Ventral is the same as when describing a region on a human.
Answer:
anterior/the front side
Q: Dorsal is the same as when describing a region on a human.
Answer:
posterior/the back side
Q: Cranial is the same as
Answer:
skull area
Q: Caudal is the same as
Answer:
tail bone area
Q: Describe a human in supine position
Answer:
lying with the front or face and hands facing up
Q: Describe a human in prone position
Answer:
lying with the front or face down and hands facing upward
| Latest 2026 Update
Q: How are anatomy and physiology related?
Answer:
Anatomy is the study of the internal and external parts
of the body.
Physiology is how living organisms perform their vital functions.
Q: List and describe the specialties of anatomy.
Answer:
Gross anatomy/macroscopic anatomy examines large,
visible structures:
-surface anatomy: exterior feat.
-regional anatomy: body areas
Systematic anatomy: groups of organs working together (skeletal system)
-Developmental anatomy:from egg to maturity
-clinical anatomy: medical specialties(surgical anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy examines cells and molecules:
-cytology: cells and their structures
-histology: tissues and their structures
Q: List and describe the specialties of physiology
Answer:
-Cell physiology: processes within and between cells
-Organ physiology: functions of specific
-Systemic physiology: functions of an organ system
-Pathological physiology: effects of diseases
Q: Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how
they're related.
Answer:
Chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism.
,Q: Define metabolism.
Answer:
the chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues of the body
Q: Compare and contrast catabolism with anabolism. Use examples to help understand the
differences.
Answer:
Catabolism: tearing down; decomposition of complex molecules within the body's cells or
tissues(breaking down glucose)
Anabolism: building up; synthesis of new molecules within the body's cells or tissues
Q: Define homeostasis and explain its importance
Answer:
is the property of a system in which variables are
regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.
Q: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Use examples to help understand the
difference
Answer:
Intrinsic regulation: autoregulation
-levels decrease at a tissue
Extrinsic regulation: more distant regulation
-during exercise
Q: List and describe the three control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis
Answer:
Receptor (sensor)
-respond to changes in the environment
-sends info to control center
Control Center (intergrator)
-determines set point
-analyzes info
-determines appropriate response
Effector
-provides a means for response to the stimulus
,Q: Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Use examples to help explain each.
Answer:
Negative feedback:
-includes homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity once balance in the body is reached
Positive feedback:
-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
-in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Q: Describe a person in anatomical position
Answer:
hands at sides
palms facing forward
feet together
on back
Q: Define Anterior
Answer:
the front side
Q: Define posterior
Answer:
the back side
Q: Define lateral
Answer:
farther away from body
Q: Define medial
Answer:
close to body
Q: Define proximal
Answer:
closer to body-in terms of arm would be shoulder
Q: Define distal
Answer:
farther from body-in terms of arm would be fingers
, Q: Define superficial
Answer:
toward or at the body surface
Q: Define deep
Answer:
away from the body surface
Q: Define intermediate
Answer:
In between
Q: Ventral is the same as when describing a region on a human.
Answer:
anterior/the front side
Q: Dorsal is the same as when describing a region on a human.
Answer:
posterior/the back side
Q: Cranial is the same as
Answer:
skull area
Q: Caudal is the same as
Answer:
tail bone area
Q: Describe a human in supine position
Answer:
lying with the front or face and hands facing up
Q: Describe a human in prone position
Answer:
lying with the front or face down and hands facing upward
