NR 565 Midterm Exam Study Guide NR565 Advanced
Pharmacology Questions and Guide Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Prescriptive authority for nurse practitioners also regulates prescribing rights
beyond medications and controlled substances. These rights include
therapeutic devices and services and are outlined in state practice laws and
regulations and include Durable Medical Equipment (DME) such as wheel-
chairs, power scooters, hospital beds, portable oxygen equipment, handicap
placards, etc. and medical services such as Physical Therapy (PT), Occupational
Therapy (OT), home health services, etc. Prescriptive authority encompasses
more than writing a prescription correctly. It requires adherence to ethical
guidelines to ensure that patients are safeguarded from harm. Ethical pre-
scribing starts with being well-informed about medications. Mechanism of
action, efficacy, and safety are important considerations, as are a patient's
distinct needs and circumstances, including the number of medications pre-
,scribed (Mitchell & Oliphant, 2
Answer: APRN prescribing role
2. Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, or-
der and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe med-
ications, including controlled substances without physician oversight:
Answer: benefits of full practice authority
3. Administering medications and prescribing medications are two distinct
processes. Prescription writing requires prudent and deliberate decision-mak-
ing processes to maintain patient safety and reduce liability, including:
*documentation of a provider-patient relationship for the recipient of the
prescribed medications
*documentation of a thorough history and physical examination for the recip-
ient
*documentation of discussions regarding risk factors, side effects, or therapy
options
*documentation of drug monitoring or titration plan, if applicable
,*documentation of consultations, if any
avoidance of prescribing medications for self, family, or friends
Rational drug selection requires a logical approach that includes the for-
mulation of a diagnosis based on clinical reasoning and the selection and
monitoring of the most appropriate pharmacological treatment
Considerations include: Cost, guidelines, availability,:
Answer: promoting positive outcomes through prudent prescribing practices
4. identifies drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older
adults. Accordingly, drugs on this list should generally be avoided in adults
older than 65 years except when the benefits are significantly greater than the
risks.:
Answer: Beer's Criteria
5. the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and
the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced:
Answer: Pharmaco- dynamics
6. the study of drug movement throughout the body:
, Answer: Pharmacokinetics
7. the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. The purpose of
this is to combine the sciences of genomics and pharmacology to provide
individualized, targeted, safe drug therapies to patients:
Answer: Pharmacogenomics
8. Inducers are xenobiotics (medications and environmental agents) that ele-
vate CYP450 enzyme activity by increasing enzyme synthesis. This action leads to
additional sites available for biotransformation. The increased number of
sites enhances medication metabolism, decreasing the concentration of the
"parent drug" while increasing metabolite production.
Inducers = Increase medication metabolism
(Carbamazepine, Rifampin, Alcohol, Phenytoin, Griseofulvin, Phenobarbital,
Sulfonylureas):
Answer: CYP450 inducers
Pharmacology Questions and Guide Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Prescriptive authority for nurse practitioners also regulates prescribing rights
beyond medications and controlled substances. These rights include
therapeutic devices and services and are outlined in state practice laws and
regulations and include Durable Medical Equipment (DME) such as wheel-
chairs, power scooters, hospital beds, portable oxygen equipment, handicap
placards, etc. and medical services such as Physical Therapy (PT), Occupational
Therapy (OT), home health services, etc. Prescriptive authority encompasses
more than writing a prescription correctly. It requires adherence to ethical
guidelines to ensure that patients are safeguarded from harm. Ethical pre-
scribing starts with being well-informed about medications. Mechanism of
action, efficacy, and safety are important considerations, as are a patient's
distinct needs and circumstances, including the number of medications pre-
,scribed (Mitchell & Oliphant, 2
Answer: APRN prescribing role
2. Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose, or-
der and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe med-
ications, including controlled substances without physician oversight:
Answer: benefits of full practice authority
3. Administering medications and prescribing medications are two distinct
processes. Prescription writing requires prudent and deliberate decision-mak-
ing processes to maintain patient safety and reduce liability, including:
*documentation of a provider-patient relationship for the recipient of the
prescribed medications
*documentation of a thorough history and physical examination for the recip-
ient
*documentation of discussions regarding risk factors, side effects, or therapy
options
*documentation of drug monitoring or titration plan, if applicable
,*documentation of consultations, if any
avoidance of prescribing medications for self, family, or friends
Rational drug selection requires a logical approach that includes the for-
mulation of a diagnosis based on clinical reasoning and the selection and
monitoring of the most appropriate pharmacological treatment
Considerations include: Cost, guidelines, availability,:
Answer: promoting positive outcomes through prudent prescribing practices
4. identifies drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older
adults. Accordingly, drugs on this list should generally be avoided in adults
older than 65 years except when the benefits are significantly greater than the
risks.:
Answer: Beer's Criteria
5. the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and
the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced:
Answer: Pharmaco- dynamics
6. the study of drug movement throughout the body:
, Answer: Pharmacokinetics
7. the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. The purpose of
this is to combine the sciences of genomics and pharmacology to provide
individualized, targeted, safe drug therapies to patients:
Answer: Pharmacogenomics
8. Inducers are xenobiotics (medications and environmental agents) that ele-
vate CYP450 enzyme activity by increasing enzyme synthesis. This action leads to
additional sites available for biotransformation. The increased number of
sites enhances medication metabolism, decreasing the concentration of the
"parent drug" while increasing metabolite production.
Inducers = Increase medication metabolism
(Carbamazepine, Rifampin, Alcohol, Phenytoin, Griseofulvin, Phenobarbital,
Sulfonylureas):
Answer: CYP450 inducers
