ULL BIOL 110 Exam 1 Study Guide | Biology Notes, Key Concepts & Practice
Questions
"lipid bilayer" - ANS ✔✔2 layers of phospholipids creates the characteristic _____________ of
plasma membranes; polar regions face water, nonpolar regions face the interior of the
membrane; slows the movement of water
0 C - ANS ✔✔freezing point of water
0-1 - ANS ✔✔range on pH scale that makes a solution *very* acidic
0-14 (0 being most acidic and 14 being most alkaline; note: as the solution is higher on the
scale, the amount of H+ ions decrease) - ANS ✔✔the number range on the pH scale (goes from
______ to ______)
1 mol - ANS ✔✔amount of substance in grams equal to its molecular mass or atomic mass
1) need energy
2) need a catalyst
3) reach equilibrium eventually - ANS ✔✔what are the three properties shared by chemcal
reactions
2 (in 1s orbital) - ANS ✔✔how many electrons can be in the first electron shells
4 bonds; 4 electrons in 2nd shell; needs 4 more electrons to fill second shell - ANS ✔✔How
many bonds can carbons make? This means that it has how many electrons in its outer shell?
How many electrons does it need to fill its outer shell?
,5-6 - ANS ✔✔range on pH scale that makes a solution *weakly* acidic
6.022x10^23 (mol) - ANS ✔✔What is Avogadro's number?
7.35-7.45 - ANS ✔✔pH of human blood; normally weakly alkaline
8 max (2 in 2s orbital, 2 in each of the 3 p orbital) - ANS ✔✔how many electron can be in the
2nd electron shells
100 C - ANS ✔✔boiling point of water
acid hydrolases - ANS ✔✔hydrolytic enzyme that uses a molecule of water to break covalent
bonds of molecules
acid-base buffer - ANS ✔✔system can shift to remove or release H+ to adjust for changes in pH;
<- and -> on top of each other (iykyk)
acids - ANS ✔✔substances that release hydrogen ions in solutions
adhesion - ANS ✔✔unlike molecules are attracted to each other
Aldehyde - ANS ✔✔functional group that is highly chemically reactive; is polar; forms hydrogen
bonds; *includes linear forms of sugars and some odor molecules*
Amino - ANS ✔✔functional group that is weakly basic(can accept H+); is polar; is part of peptide
bonds; includes amino acids (proteins)
amino acids - ANS ✔✔building blocks of proteins; distinguished by side chains
, amphipathic - ANS ✔✔"both loves"; molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
regions at certain sites; may form micelles in water; have polar/ionized and nonpolar regions
anion - ANS ✔✔ions that have gained an electron, resulting in a net negative charge; Example:
Cl^-
antibiotic resistance - ANS ✔✔conferred by genes that are sometimes transferred between
bacteris species
antifreeze molecules - ANS ✔✔produced by some animals; lowers the freezing point of body
fluids to prevent blood and cells from freezing
aqueous solutions - ANS ✔✔solutions made with water
archaea - ANS ✔✔unicellular prokaryote (no nucleus); found in extreme environments like hot
springs
atomic mass - ANS ✔✔indicates an atom's mass relative to the masses of other atoms;
measured in Daltons
atomic number - ANS ✔✔amount of protons in an elements nucleus; also equal to the number
of electrons
atoms - ANS ✔✔smallest units of matter that form all chemical substances and all organisms;
can be broken down into subatomic particles
autophagy - ANS ✔✔recycling of worn-out organelles through endocytosis
Questions
"lipid bilayer" - ANS ✔✔2 layers of phospholipids creates the characteristic _____________ of
plasma membranes; polar regions face water, nonpolar regions face the interior of the
membrane; slows the movement of water
0 C - ANS ✔✔freezing point of water
0-1 - ANS ✔✔range on pH scale that makes a solution *very* acidic
0-14 (0 being most acidic and 14 being most alkaline; note: as the solution is higher on the
scale, the amount of H+ ions decrease) - ANS ✔✔the number range on the pH scale (goes from
______ to ______)
1 mol - ANS ✔✔amount of substance in grams equal to its molecular mass or atomic mass
1) need energy
2) need a catalyst
3) reach equilibrium eventually - ANS ✔✔what are the three properties shared by chemcal
reactions
2 (in 1s orbital) - ANS ✔✔how many electrons can be in the first electron shells
4 bonds; 4 electrons in 2nd shell; needs 4 more electrons to fill second shell - ANS ✔✔How
many bonds can carbons make? This means that it has how many electrons in its outer shell?
How many electrons does it need to fill its outer shell?
,5-6 - ANS ✔✔range on pH scale that makes a solution *weakly* acidic
6.022x10^23 (mol) - ANS ✔✔What is Avogadro's number?
7.35-7.45 - ANS ✔✔pH of human blood; normally weakly alkaline
8 max (2 in 2s orbital, 2 in each of the 3 p orbital) - ANS ✔✔how many electron can be in the
2nd electron shells
100 C - ANS ✔✔boiling point of water
acid hydrolases - ANS ✔✔hydrolytic enzyme that uses a molecule of water to break covalent
bonds of molecules
acid-base buffer - ANS ✔✔system can shift to remove or release H+ to adjust for changes in pH;
<- and -> on top of each other (iykyk)
acids - ANS ✔✔substances that release hydrogen ions in solutions
adhesion - ANS ✔✔unlike molecules are attracted to each other
Aldehyde - ANS ✔✔functional group that is highly chemically reactive; is polar; forms hydrogen
bonds; *includes linear forms of sugars and some odor molecules*
Amino - ANS ✔✔functional group that is weakly basic(can accept H+); is polar; is part of peptide
bonds; includes amino acids (proteins)
amino acids - ANS ✔✔building blocks of proteins; distinguished by side chains
, amphipathic - ANS ✔✔"both loves"; molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
regions at certain sites; may form micelles in water; have polar/ionized and nonpolar regions
anion - ANS ✔✔ions that have gained an electron, resulting in a net negative charge; Example:
Cl^-
antibiotic resistance - ANS ✔✔conferred by genes that are sometimes transferred between
bacteris species
antifreeze molecules - ANS ✔✔produced by some animals; lowers the freezing point of body
fluids to prevent blood and cells from freezing
aqueous solutions - ANS ✔✔solutions made with water
archaea - ANS ✔✔unicellular prokaryote (no nucleus); found in extreme environments like hot
springs
atomic mass - ANS ✔✔indicates an atom's mass relative to the masses of other atoms;
measured in Daltons
atomic number - ANS ✔✔amount of protons in an elements nucleus; also equal to the number
of electrons
atoms - ANS ✔✔smallest units of matter that form all chemical substances and all organisms;
can be broken down into subatomic particles
autophagy - ANS ✔✔recycling of worn-out organelles through endocytosis
