LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
3.1 Culturally Appropriate Terms, Expressions, and Images
3.2 Linguistics Preferences and Nonverbal Behaviour
3.3 Language Register for more Effective Communication
Freya Stark, in her book The Journey ‘s Echo: Selections from Freya Stark (Ecco
Travels), says, ―Every country has its own way of saying things. The important thing is
that which lies behind people ‘s words. Cultural differences result in misunderstanding,
and ―language, more than anything else, is the heart of culture (Stevenson, as cited in
Lee, 2017). This means that being proficient in English, for instance, does not guarantee
our being able to fully understand what another speaker of English is trying to
communicate unless we become fully aware of how that speaker uses English based on
his own culture.
1. Words ending in –re in BrE end in –er in AmE.
centre, litre, theatre (BrE); center, liter, theater/theatre (AmE)
2. Words ending in –our in BrE end in –or in AmE.
colour, humour, neighbor (BrE); color, humor, neighbor (AmE)
3. Words ending in –ize or –ise in BrE end in –ize in AmE.
apologize/apologise, organize/organize, recognize/recognize (BrE)
apologize, organize, recognize (AmE)
4. Words ending in –yse in BrE end in –yze in AmE
analyse, breathalse, paralyse (BrE); analyze, breathalyze, paralyze (AmE)
5. Words ending in a vowel plus l in BrE double the l when adding ending that begin
with a vowel, but the l is not doubled in AmE.
travel, travelled, travelling, traveller (BrE)
travel, traveled, traveling, traveler (AmE)
6. Words spelled with the double vowels ae or oe are just spelled with an e in AmE.
leukaemia, manoeuver, oestrogen, paediatric (BrE)
leukemia, maneuver, estrogen, pediatric (AmE)
7. Nouns ending with –ence in BrE are spelled –ense in AmE.
defence, licence, offence (BrE)
defense, license, offense (AmE)
8. Nouns ending with –ogue in BrE end with either –og or –gue in AmE.
analogue, catalogue, dialogue (BrE)
analog/analogue, catalog/catalogue, dialog/dialogue (AmE)
Language Register for more Effective Communication
Languages vary according to either the user or its use. Our previous lessons and
discussions focused on dialects or variations according to the user (defined by
variables, such as social background, geography, sex, and age-for example, American
English, British English). Variations according to use, on the other hand, are called
registers.
3.1 Culturally Appropriate Terms, Expressions, and Images
3.2 Linguistics Preferences and Nonverbal Behaviour
3.3 Language Register for more Effective Communication
Freya Stark, in her book The Journey ‘s Echo: Selections from Freya Stark (Ecco
Travels), says, ―Every country has its own way of saying things. The important thing is
that which lies behind people ‘s words. Cultural differences result in misunderstanding,
and ―language, more than anything else, is the heart of culture (Stevenson, as cited in
Lee, 2017). This means that being proficient in English, for instance, does not guarantee
our being able to fully understand what another speaker of English is trying to
communicate unless we become fully aware of how that speaker uses English based on
his own culture.
1. Words ending in –re in BrE end in –er in AmE.
centre, litre, theatre (BrE); center, liter, theater/theatre (AmE)
2. Words ending in –our in BrE end in –or in AmE.
colour, humour, neighbor (BrE); color, humor, neighbor (AmE)
3. Words ending in –ize or –ise in BrE end in –ize in AmE.
apologize/apologise, organize/organize, recognize/recognize (BrE)
apologize, organize, recognize (AmE)
4. Words ending in –yse in BrE end in –yze in AmE
analyse, breathalse, paralyse (BrE); analyze, breathalyze, paralyze (AmE)
5. Words ending in a vowel plus l in BrE double the l when adding ending that begin
with a vowel, but the l is not doubled in AmE.
travel, travelled, travelling, traveller (BrE)
travel, traveled, traveling, traveler (AmE)
6. Words spelled with the double vowels ae or oe are just spelled with an e in AmE.
leukaemia, manoeuver, oestrogen, paediatric (BrE)
leukemia, maneuver, estrogen, pediatric (AmE)
7. Nouns ending with –ence in BrE are spelled –ense in AmE.
defence, licence, offence (BrE)
defense, license, offense (AmE)
8. Nouns ending with –ogue in BrE end with either –og or –gue in AmE.
analogue, catalogue, dialogue (BrE)
analog/analogue, catalog/catalogue, dialog/dialogue (AmE)
Language Register for more Effective Communication
Languages vary according to either the user or its use. Our previous lessons and
discussions focused on dialects or variations according to the user (defined by
variables, such as social background, geography, sex, and age-for example, American
English, British English). Variations according to use, on the other hand, are called
registers.
