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leukemia etiology - ANSWER ✔✔exposure to intense radiation.
exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene. viruses like the Human
T-Cell luekemia virus.
Malignancy begins in bome marrow and spreads to blood and lymphatic
tissues
Genetic and enviornmental factors cause mutations (oncogenes) -
ANSWER ✔✔leukemia
,Malignant plasma cells infiltrate bone marrow → bone destruction -
ANSWER ✔✔Multiple Myeloma
Malignant neoplasms of lymp and bone marrow → lymphocyte
proliferation - ANSWER ✔✔lymphoma
clinical manifestations of leukemia - ANSWER ✔✔anemia,
thrombocytopenia, WBC's non-functional, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly,
lymphadenopathy, bone pain
clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma - ANSWER ✔✔skeletal
pain (osteoporosis), anemia, frequent infections, bleeding,
hypercalcemia, renal failure, spinal cord compression
leukemia diagnostics - ANSWER ✔✔bone marrow biopsy and
peripheral blood smear, lumbar puncture ,PET/CT
multiple myeloma diagnostics - ANSWER ✔✔Labs (β 2 microglabulin
and albumin and Proteinuria), pancytopenia, serum calcium, creatinine,
bone marrow biopsy
leukemia interprofessional management - ANSWER
✔✔chemotherapy, corticosteroids, immunotherapy, radiation therapy,
stem cell transplant
, multiple myeloma interprofessional care - ANSWER ✔✔relieve
symptoms, induce remission, chemotherapy, steroids, localized
radiation, hydration, prevent fracture, bleeding precautions, prevent
infections
acute leukemia - ANSWER ✔✔immature hematopoietic cells
proliferate, rapid onset and course, early signs: fever, pallor, fatigue,
ecchymosis, WBC changes
chronic leukemia - ANSWER ✔✔mature forms of WBC affected,
gradual onset, early sings: fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, splenomegaly,
increased WBCs
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWER ✔✔abrupt, intense
onset, uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts, bone marrow
hyperplasia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANSWER ✔✔gradual onset,
proliferation of mature neoplastic granulocytes in bone marrow,
Philadelphia chromosome, chronic stable phase
acute lymphocytic leukemia - ANSWER ✔✔onset typically < 14 yrs of
age, abrupt or insidious onset, proliferation of immature lymphocytes
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