GENITOURINARY (GU) SYSTEM – ADVANCED
ASSESSMENT (GOOLSBY &GRUBBS, 5TH
EDITION) LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE
Types of Examination
Inspection:
• Assess external genitalia for lesions, inflammation, discharge, or
asymmetry.
• Observe urethral meatus for erythema, discharge, or swelling.
• In males, inspect scrotum for asymmetry, discoloration, or visible
masses.
Palpation:
• Bladder: Palpate suprapubic area for distention or tenderness.
• Kidneys: Palpate flanks for enlargement or tenderness (may use
bimanual technique).
• Male Exam: Palpate testes for size, consistency, and tenderness;
palpate epididymis and spermatic cord.
• Female Exam: Combined with reproductive exam for pelvic structures
and tenderness.
Percussion:
• Percuss suprapubic region for bladder distention.
• Costovertebral angle (CVA) percussion to assess kidney tenderness.
Auscultation:
• Listen for renal bruits over costovertebral angles (suggests renal artery
stenosis).
Normal Findings
• No suprapubic tenderness or palpable bladder (unless recently voided).
• No CVA tenderness.
• Clear urine without odor or discoloration.
• Normal external genitalia without discharge or lesions.
• Testes descended, smooth, and non-tender.
ASSESSMENT (GOOLSBY &GRUBBS, 5TH
EDITION) LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE
Types of Examination
Inspection:
• Assess external genitalia for lesions, inflammation, discharge, or
asymmetry.
• Observe urethral meatus for erythema, discharge, or swelling.
• In males, inspect scrotum for asymmetry, discoloration, or visible
masses.
Palpation:
• Bladder: Palpate suprapubic area for distention or tenderness.
• Kidneys: Palpate flanks for enlargement or tenderness (may use
bimanual technique).
• Male Exam: Palpate testes for size, consistency, and tenderness;
palpate epididymis and spermatic cord.
• Female Exam: Combined with reproductive exam for pelvic structures
and tenderness.
Percussion:
• Percuss suprapubic region for bladder distention.
• Costovertebral angle (CVA) percussion to assess kidney tenderness.
Auscultation:
• Listen for renal bruits over costovertebral angles (suggests renal artery
stenosis).
Normal Findings
• No suprapubic tenderness or palpable bladder (unless recently voided).
• No CVA tenderness.
• Clear urine without odor or discoloration.
• Normal external genitalia without discharge or lesions.
• Testes descended, smooth, and non-tender.
