D564 Final Exam V1 D564 Final Exam V1 D
564 Final Exam V1
1. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which part of the personality operates on the
pleasure principle?
A. The Ego
B. The Superego
C. The Id
D. The Ideal Self
Answer: C
Rationale: The Id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality that demands
immediate gratification of all needs, wants, and urges. It operates solely on the pleasure
principle without regard for reality or morality. This part of the psyche is present from
birth and serves as the source of all psychic energy.
2. In Jungian psychology, what term is used for the universal, inherited patterns of thought
and images that reside in the collective unconscious?
A. Archetypes
B. Complexes
C. Traits
,D. Schemas
Answer: A
Rationale: Archetypes are universal symbols and images that derive from the collective
unconscious, according to Carl Jung. These patterns are inherited rather than learned
through personal experience. Common examples include the Hero, the Shadow, and the
Great Mother, which appear across various cultures and myths.
3. Alfred Adler suggested that the primary motivation in human personality is the striving for:
A. Sexual gratification
B. Safety
C. Self-actualization
D. Superiority
Answer: D
Rationale: Adler believed that individuals are born with a sense of inferiority and spend
their lives striving for superiority or perfection. This concept, known as Individual
Psychology, emphasizes the importance of social interest and purposeful goal-setting.
Unlike Freud, Adler focused more on the conscious ego and social factors than on biological
drives.
4. Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable impulses or
qualities to others?
A. Reaction Formation
, B. Sublimation
C. Displacement
D. Projection
Answer: D
Rationale: Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual protects their ego by
denying their own undesirable traits and seeing them in others instead. For example, a
person who feels a lot of anger might accuse everyone else of being hostile. This process
helps reduce anxiety by externalizing internal conflict.
5. According to Karen Horney, what is the primary cause of ‘basic anxiety’ in children?
A. Unresolved Oedipal conflicts
B. Lack of physiological needs
C. Biological predispositions
D. Feeling isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world
Answer: D
Rationale: Karen Horney theorized that basic anxiety stems from a child’s feeling of being
small and vulnerable in an environment that may not be supportive. This anxiety is often
the result of parent-child relationships where the parent is indifferent or inconsistent.
Horney argued that this feeling drives individuals to develop neurotic needs to cope with
their surroundings.
564 Final Exam V1
1. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which part of the personality operates on the
pleasure principle?
A. The Ego
B. The Superego
C. The Id
D. The Ideal Self
Answer: C
Rationale: The Id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality that demands
immediate gratification of all needs, wants, and urges. It operates solely on the pleasure
principle without regard for reality or morality. This part of the psyche is present from
birth and serves as the source of all psychic energy.
2. In Jungian psychology, what term is used for the universal, inherited patterns of thought
and images that reside in the collective unconscious?
A. Archetypes
B. Complexes
C. Traits
,D. Schemas
Answer: A
Rationale: Archetypes are universal symbols and images that derive from the collective
unconscious, according to Carl Jung. These patterns are inherited rather than learned
through personal experience. Common examples include the Hero, the Shadow, and the
Great Mother, which appear across various cultures and myths.
3. Alfred Adler suggested that the primary motivation in human personality is the striving for:
A. Sexual gratification
B. Safety
C. Self-actualization
D. Superiority
Answer: D
Rationale: Adler believed that individuals are born with a sense of inferiority and spend
their lives striving for superiority or perfection. This concept, known as Individual
Psychology, emphasizes the importance of social interest and purposeful goal-setting.
Unlike Freud, Adler focused more on the conscious ego and social factors than on biological
drives.
4. Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable impulses or
qualities to others?
A. Reaction Formation
, B. Sublimation
C. Displacement
D. Projection
Answer: D
Rationale: Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual protects their ego by
denying their own undesirable traits and seeing them in others instead. For example, a
person who feels a lot of anger might accuse everyone else of being hostile. This process
helps reduce anxiety by externalizing internal conflict.
5. According to Karen Horney, what is the primary cause of ‘basic anxiety’ in children?
A. Unresolved Oedipal conflicts
B. Lack of physiological needs
C. Biological predispositions
D. Feeling isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world
Answer: D
Rationale: Karen Horney theorized that basic anxiety stems from a child’s feeling of being
small and vulnerable in an environment that may not be supportive. This anxiety is often
the result of parent-child relationships where the parent is indifferent or inconsistent.
Horney argued that this feeling drives individuals to develop neurotic needs to cope with
their surroundings.
