Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm
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Terms in this set (76)
Pathophysiology The study of the underlying changes in body
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ
systems) that result from disease or injury.
Pathology The investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the
cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis The naming or identification of a disease - is
made from an evaluation of the evidence
accumulated from the presenting signs and
symptoms, health and medical history, physical
examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.
,Etiology The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations
and by geographic areas
Nucleus Controls and regulates the activities of the cell
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the
genes, structures that contain the hereditary
information
Cytoplasm An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other
organelles can operate within the cell. All of the
functions for cell expansion, growth and
replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a
cell.
Ribosomes Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of
protein and lipid components of most organelles.
A new role is sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away
from the complex and migrate to various
intracellular and extracellular destinations,
including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino
acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
, Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site
of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments within some cells
that helps the cell maintain its shape and is
involved in many forms of cell movement
Plasma Membrane The membrane at the boundary of every cell that
acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the
cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes 1. They display plasma membrane-bound
signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the
cell itself and other cells in direct physical
contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target
cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell
to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Decrease in cell size
Atrophy:
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Increase in cell size
Hypertrophy:
EXAM (updated 2026) Questions & Answers |
With 100% Correct Answers graded A+
Guaranteed Success!!
Save
Terms in this set (76)
Pathophysiology The study of the underlying changes in body
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ
systems) that result from disease or injury.
Pathology The investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the
cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis The naming or identification of a disease - is
made from an evaluation of the evidence
accumulated from the presenting signs and
symptoms, health and medical history, physical
examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.
,Etiology The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations
and by geographic areas
Nucleus Controls and regulates the activities of the cell
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the
genes, structures that contain the hereditary
information
Cytoplasm An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other
organelles can operate within the cell. All of the
functions for cell expansion, growth and
replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a
cell.
Ribosomes Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of
protein and lipid components of most organelles.
A new role is sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away
from the complex and migrate to various
intracellular and extracellular destinations,
including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino
acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
, Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site
of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments within some cells
that helps the cell maintain its shape and is
involved in many forms of cell movement
Plasma Membrane The membrane at the boundary of every cell that
acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the
cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes 1. They display plasma membrane-bound
signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the
cell itself and other cells in direct physical
contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target
cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell
to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that
directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Decrease in cell size
Atrophy:
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Increase in cell size
Hypertrophy:
