BIOS 252 A& P II FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE (LATEST)
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II WITH LAB
Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
Characteristic Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle
Location Attached to Heart Lines organs,
bones airways, and
blood vessels
Presence of Yes Yes No
Sarcomeres/Striations
Nervous Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Presence of No Yes No
Intercalated Discs
Speed of Contraction Fast Moderate Slow
• Muscle Components (Tube inside a tube)
,• Muscle fiber- Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle
,• Myosin head movement
o ATP must be present for myosin head to bind to actin filament.
o ATP hydrolyzes to form ADP and Phosphate to hold myosin to actin.
o Phosphate releases and in turn releases energy to force the myosin to pull the
actin closer.
o Depleted ADP is replaced with fresh ATP
• Steps of Contractions
, • Types of Muscle Metabolism
o Creatine phosphate- Lasts 15 seconds
o Anaerobic glycolysis- Lasts a couple minutes
o Aerobic Cellular Respiration- Lasts several minutes to hours
• Types of Contractions
o Isotonic Contraction- muscles contract and movement occurs.
o Isometric Contraction- muscles contract, but no net movement occurs.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II WITH LAB
Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
Characteristic Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle
Location Attached to Heart Lines organs,
bones airways, and
blood vessels
Presence of Yes Yes No
Sarcomeres/Striations
Nervous Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Presence of No Yes No
Intercalated Discs
Speed of Contraction Fast Moderate Slow
• Muscle Components (Tube inside a tube)
,• Muscle fiber- Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle
,• Myosin head movement
o ATP must be present for myosin head to bind to actin filament.
o ATP hydrolyzes to form ADP and Phosphate to hold myosin to actin.
o Phosphate releases and in turn releases energy to force the myosin to pull the
actin closer.
o Depleted ADP is replaced with fresh ATP
• Steps of Contractions
, • Types of Muscle Metabolism
o Creatine phosphate- Lasts 15 seconds
o Anaerobic glycolysis- Lasts a couple minutes
o Aerobic Cellular Respiration- Lasts several minutes to hours
• Types of Contractions
o Isotonic Contraction- muscles contract and movement occurs.
o Isometric Contraction- muscles contract, but no net movement occurs.
