WGU D564 Theories of
Personality Exam Study Guide
EXAM Questions & Answers,
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shaping - ANSWER ✔✔the idea similar to that of a sculptor that
shapes a piece of clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there
until a square block comes to resemble a person or an animal.
punishment - ANSWER ✔✔an aversive consequence that follows an
act in order to stop the act and prevent its repetition.
,five principles of how to punish - ANSWER ✔✔1. availability of
alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral
and situational specificity 3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for
making mess hours earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli
(e.g., counting to 3) 5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with
child after punishing)
dangers of punishment - ANSWER ✔✔1. punishment arouses
emotion 2. it is difficult to be consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the
severity of punishment 4. punishment teaches misuse of power 5.
punishment motivates concealment
habit hierarchy - ANSWER ✔✔in Dollard and Miller's social learning
theory, all of the behaviors an individual might do, ranked in order from
most to least probable.
drive - ANSWER ✔✔in learning theories, a state of psychological
tension, the reduction of which feels good.
primary drives - ANSWER ✔✔in learning theories, a drive that is
innate to an organism, such as the hunger drive.
secondary drives - ANSWER ✔✔in learning theories, a drive that is
learned through its association with primary drives, and includes drives
, for love, prestige, money, power, and the avoidance of fear and of
humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis - ANSWER ✔✔in Dollard and
Miller's social learning theory, the hypothesis that frustration
automatically creates an impulse toward aggression.
approach-avoidance conflict - ANSWER ✔✔in Dollard and Miller's
social learning theory, the psychological conflict induced by a stimulus
that is at once attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict - ANSWER
✔✔1. an increase in drive strength will increase the tendency to
approach or avoid a goal. 2. whenever there are two competing
responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with greater drive strength
behind it) will win out. 3. the tendency to approach a positive goal
increases the closer one gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a
negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most
important, tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3.
expectancy value theory - ANSWER ✔✔Rotter's theory of how the
value and perceived attainability of a goal combine to affect the
probability of a goal-seeking behavior.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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3
Personality Exam Study Guide
EXAM Questions & Answers,
Well Elaborated | Already
Verified Test |100% Verified
solutions | \2026 Latest!!
shaping - ANSWER ✔✔the idea similar to that of a sculptor that
shapes a piece of clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there
until a square block comes to resemble a person or an animal.
punishment - ANSWER ✔✔an aversive consequence that follows an
act in order to stop the act and prevent its repetition.
,five principles of how to punish - ANSWER ✔✔1. availability of
alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral
and situational specificity 3. timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for
making mess hours earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli
(e.g., counting to 3) 5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with
child after punishing)
dangers of punishment - ANSWER ✔✔1. punishment arouses
emotion 2. it is difficult to be consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the
severity of punishment 4. punishment teaches misuse of power 5.
punishment motivates concealment
habit hierarchy - ANSWER ✔✔in Dollard and Miller's social learning
theory, all of the behaviors an individual might do, ranked in order from
most to least probable.
drive - ANSWER ✔✔in learning theories, a state of psychological
tension, the reduction of which feels good.
primary drives - ANSWER ✔✔in learning theories, a drive that is
innate to an organism, such as the hunger drive.
secondary drives - ANSWER ✔✔in learning theories, a drive that is
learned through its association with primary drives, and includes drives
, for love, prestige, money, power, and the avoidance of fear and of
humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis - ANSWER ✔✔in Dollard and
Miller's social learning theory, the hypothesis that frustration
automatically creates an impulse toward aggression.
approach-avoidance conflict - ANSWER ✔✔in Dollard and Miller's
social learning theory, the psychological conflict induced by a stimulus
that is at once attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict - ANSWER
✔✔1. an increase in drive strength will increase the tendency to
approach or avoid a goal. 2. whenever there are two competing
responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with greater drive strength
behind it) will win out. 3. the tendency to approach a positive goal
increases the closer one gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a
negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most
important, tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3.
expectancy value theory - ANSWER ✔✔Rotter's theory of how the
value and perceived attainability of a goal combine to affect the
probability of a goal-seeking behavior.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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